Atomic Structure
Chemical Bonds & Water
Acids, Bases & pH
Organic Molecules
Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
100
What is defined as the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?
An Atom
100
Which type of chemical bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms?
A Covalent Bond
100
What is the pH value of a neutral solution, such as pure water?
7
100
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain which two elements?
Carbon and Hydrogen
100
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions are known as ______.
Enzymes
200
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom?
A Proton
200
Which type of chemical bond results from the transfer of electrons between atoms?
Ionic Bond
200
A solution with a pH value less than 7 is classified as a(n) ______.
Acid
200
Large organic molecules composed of many smaller subunits are called ______.
Macromolecules or Polymers
200
Which molecule is the basic subunit (monomer) of proteins?
Amino Acids
300
Which subatomic particle has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom?
A neutron
300
Which weak attraction occurs between a slightly positive hydrogen atom (like in water) and a slightly negative atom?
A Hydrogen Bond
300
A solution with a pH value greater than 7 is classified as a(n) ______.
Base
300
Which macromolecule serves as the primary source of energy for living organisms?
Carbohydrates
300
Name two factors that can affect the rate at which an enzyme functions.
Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration
400
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons are known as ______.
Isotopes
400
The attraction between water molecules is best described as ______.
Cohesion
400
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4-5. When a person takes an antacid tablet, the pH increases to 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. What effect would likely be caused by a change in pH?
Lipase would denature, therefore less lipids would be digested.
400
DNA and RNA are examples of which type of macromolecule?
Nucleic Acids
400
The substances present at the beginning of a chemical reaction are called ______.
Reactants
500
A pure substance composed of only one type of atom is classified as a(n) ______.
element
500
The attraction between water molecules and other polar substances is called ______.
adhesion
500
Which enzyme would most likely reach its maximum reaction rate in pure water?
Enzyme X - functions best at a pH of 7
500
Which macromolecule is made of one or more chains of amino acids and is important for growth and repair?
Proteins
500
The substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction are called ______.
Products