Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Code for traits; heredity
Name two kinds of food that have saturated fat?
Butter, Lard, Meat fat
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic--contains carbon Inorganic--does NOT contain carbon
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction
Describe the two types of proteins
Build and repair cell (Structural) Enzymes, transport (globular)
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage
Describe what lipids can do to damage blood vessels.
Fat builds up along blood vessels and causes blockage, which causes a blot clot. This can lead to heart attack or stroke.
A polymer is composed of what?
Monomers
How does an enzyme affect the energy level required to start a reaction?
Lowers it
Name two monomers and one polymer of carbohydrates.
Monomers--glucose, fructose Polymers--starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is the function of structural proteins, and where are they usually found in the cell?
Structure; cell membrane
Which of the four biomolecules are present in an egg?
Lipids, Protein
What is dehydration synthesis?
Loss of water to build a molecule
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
Nothing; it ends up the same as when it started
What are the monomers of proteins, and how many are there?
Amino Acids 20
What kind of carbohydrates function as long-term energy storage?
Polymers/Polysaccharides = starch, vegetables, grains, bread
What does Benedict's solution test for and what color indicates a positive reaction?
Simple sugars (mono- and di-saccharides); any color besides blue
Describe which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic and which is hydrophilic.
head-hydrophilic and tail-hydrophobic
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its molecule binds?
Active site
What are the three parts of a nucleotide (monomer of DNA/RNA)?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
Cell membrane structure are functions of which two kinds of biomolecules?
Lipids-phospholipids and Proteins
What indicator is used to test for complex carbohydrates, and what color indicates a positive result?
Iodine; dark purple
Identify the difference between ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic--give and take of electrons Covalent--sharing electrons
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Substrate concentration, presence of inhibitors