Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Code for traits; heredity
Name two kinds of food that have saturated fat?
Butter, Lard, Meat fat
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic--contains carbon
Inorganic--does NOT contain carbon
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction
Describe the two types of proteins
Structural--structural support Globular--enzymes, transport
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage
Which biomolecule can cause build-up within blood vessels, leading to heart disease or stroke?
Lipids
A polymer is composed of what?
Monomers
How does an enzyme affect the energy level required to start a reaction?
Lowers it
Name two monomers and one polymer of carbohydrates.
Monomers--glucose, fructose Polymers--starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is the full name of DNA?
MUST BE SAID CORRECTLY!
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Which of the four biomolecules are present in an egg?
Lipids, Protein
What is dehydration synthesis?
Loss of water to build a molecule
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
Nothing; it ends up the same as when it started
What are the monomers of proteins, and how many are there?
Amino Acids; 20
What kind of carbohydrates function as energy storage in plants?
Cellulose
What is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - one sugar
Disaccharide - two sugars
Polysaccharide - many sugars
What is hydrolysis?
The addition of water to break down molecules
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its molecule binds?
Active site
What are the three parts of a nucleotide (monomer of DNA/RNA)?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
Enzymes are what type of biomolecule? What is the function of proteins?
Proteins; Speed up chemical reactions
Which biomolecule provides immunity within the body?
Proteins
What is denaturation? What causes it?
It is when an enzyme loses its shapes; high temperature or low pH causes enzymes to denature.
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Denatured enzyme