Metabolism
Sign on the Gibb's free energy change when a reaction is not spontaneous.
Positive
Overall charge on RNA and DNA.
negative
This is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of the peptide bond in proteins.
ribosome
This technique, devised by Kary Mullis while driving along the California Coast, transformed the study of DNA and genes.
Polymerase chain reaction
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by doing what?
Lower the activation energy.
This physiologist described the phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis, which occurs in cancer cells.
Otto Warburg
This bond joins nucleotides in nucleic acids.
phosphodiester
Primary structure is to amino acid sequence as secondary structure is to.....
alpha-helix or beta-sheet
This British biologist developed a method that combines transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and their subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.
Edwin Southern - apparently, not Earl :-(
At the end of the catalytic cycle, this happens to the enzyme.
It is regenerated.
This pathway is responsible for the production of NADPH.
Pentose phosphate pathway
Complexes termed "snurps" carry out this process.
RNA splicing
This is the only amino acid that has its R-group attached to its alpha amino group.
Proline
This compound is added to proteins so that they can be separated by size on a polyacrylamide gel.
sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
Km, the Michaelis constant, defined as the amount of substrate required for an enzyme to achieve half of its maximum rate, can use to tell us what about the enzyme and substrate?
Affinity for each other
This enzyme is the "rock star" of glycolysis. Without it the energy yield of the pathway is reduced by about one-half.
Triose phosphate isomerase
A point mutation converting a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa; For example A or G à T or C.
Transversion
The number of ionizable groups (pKas) in the peptide Val-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Glu.
Five, 5
When proteins are run through gel filtration, these are the ones that exit first.
Large, big
For a fixed amount of enzyme, the rate of the reaction increases with increasing substrate up to a point where it can no longer increase. Why?
Active sites are saturated
In the electron transport chain, in each step electrons are transferred from one substance to another with a higher ____________.
Reduction potential (Ered)
Structural biochemist Jennifer Doudna and French microbiologist Emmanuelle Charpentier are known for their elucidation of this phenomenon.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
This American biochemist Christian Anfinsen won a Nobel prize for demonstrating that amino acid sequence alone was responsible for the formation of the active conformation of ____________.
Ribonuclease A
A plasmid is 4500 bp. Restriction analysis results in three fragments; two 1550 bp fragments, and one __________ bp fragment.
1400 bp
An enzyme reaction has a Km of 4.5 mM and Vmax of 2.5 umoles/min. When inhibitor is added the Km is 4.4 mM and Vmax is 1.2 umoles/min. What type of inhibitor was added?
Non-competitive