Fill in the blank: Monosaccharides are ________ sugars.
Simple
100
What are the two components of a triglyceride?
Glycerol and fatty acid tail
100
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acid
100
Carbohydrates have ____ calories per gram
4
100
What macromolecule is an enzyme made of?
Protein
200
What is the name of the carbohydrate polymers found in plants?
Starch and cellulose
200
Lipids have ____ calories per gram.
9
200
What is the polymer of proteins?
Polypeptide or protein
200
Proteins have ____ calories per gram
4
200
How many types of reaction are enzymes in geeneral capable of doing?
Breaking molecules down or putting molecules together.
300
True or false: Carbohydrates are made of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen.
False. All of the above, excluding nitrogen.
300
Functions of Lipids
1. Stores ______
2. Make up ________ ________
3. P_________
4. I__________
1. Stores energy
2. Make up cell membranes
3. Protection
4. Insulation
300
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
300
Why are having enzymes important to organisms? Give your answer in terms of energy.
Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed to get reactions started, so they end up saving organisms energy (which is difficult to come by in the environment).
300
How many reactions can a single type of enzyme do? For example, how many different types of reactions can the enzyme lactase do?
One!
400
True or False: Carbohydrates are a quick source of energy.
True
400
True or false: Lipids are used for fast energy
False.
400
How important are proteins to life?
Proteins make up part of cell membranes, they are enzymes that do all the work in the body. They rule the world!
400
How does an enzyme affect the activation energy in a reaction?
It lowers it.
400
Describe how lactase breaks down lactose.
It breaks the disaccharide into its two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.
500
What is the most important sugar molecule? Hint: it is a monosaccharide.
Glucose
500
Why would a bear put on fat before he hibernates?
Because he needs a slow source of energy to last the winter
500
What is the function of proteins in your body?
They can be structural, they can help cells communicate, they can be used for energy at 4 calories per gram.
500
What is the unit of energy we use when we talk about food?
Calorie
500
How does a change in temperature affect the structure and function of an enzyme?
An increase in temperature can speed up an enzyme, but with too much heat an enzyme can become denatured and can longer carry out its function.