Acids and Bases, Chemical Stuctures and Energy
Organic Compounds/Carbohydrates
Organic Compounds/ Lipids
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
100
What does the pH scale measure?
The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is.
100
How can we describe an organic compound?
Organic compunds are compounds that contain both HYDROGEN and CARBON.
100
In which organelle/s of our cells are lipids found?
Lipids make up our cellular membranes (lipid bilayer).
100
Explain and draw the three parts that every protein has.
1. Amino Group (NH2) 2. Carboxyl Group (COOH) 3. R-Group or Variable Group
100
Describe the role of an enzyme.
Enzymes are catalysts, so there job is to speed up chemical reactions.
200
Describe the pH scale. What numbers would be considered acidic? Neutral? Basic?
The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14. Numbers 1-6 represent the most acidic substances, number 7 represents a neutral substance, and numbers 8-14 represent bases.
200
What are the four organic compounds or macromolecules that make up life?
The four organic compounds that make up life are: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
200
What two parts make up every lipid molecule?
Lipids are made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.
200
How can we describe an amino acid?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Many amino acids make up a protein.
200
Describe the lock and key model, what components are required. (Draw a picture to add to your explaination)
The lock in key model explains how enzymes are very specific and only bind to specific substrates. Just like every key is specific to a certain lock. The componets required are: an enzyme, a substrate, and an active site (where the enzyme and substrate meet).
300
Describe what litmus paper is used for. What does red litmus paper test for? What does blue litmus paper test for?
Litmus paper is an indicator, it determines if a substance is basic, acidic, or neutral. Red litmus paper tests for bases. If the red litmus paper turns blue that tells us that the substance is a base. Blue Litmus paper tests for acids. If the blue litmus paper turns red, the substance being examined is an acid.
300
What is the ratio of Carbon: Hydrogen: Oxygen in a carbohydrate?
1:2:1
300
Describe the structural difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat.
A saturated fat contains no double bonds, whereas an unsaturated fat contains double bonds.
300
What do we call a protein made up of: 1. Two amino acids? 2. Three or more amino acids?
1. dipeptide 2. polypeptide
300
Describe the four factors that affect an enzyme's performance.
1. temperature 2. pH 3. enzyme concentration 4. substrate concentration
400
Describe what an atom is, and the three basic parts that compose every atom.
An atom is the smallest particle of living and non-living things. Three parts that compose an atom: 1. Proton: positively charged and found in nucleus. 2. Neutron: neutral charge and found in nucleus. 3. Electron: negatively charged and found in outer shell.
400
What is another name for a: 1. a simple sugar 2. a double sugar 3. a chain of three or more sugars
1. monosaccharide 2. disaccharide 3. polysaccaride
400
Describe a dehydration synthesis reaction in words and through a chemical equation using the letters A, B, and C.
Dehydration synthesis is the process of removing water in order to make a molecule larger.
400
What is the bond that holds amino acids together called?
The bond that holds amino acids together is called a peptide bond.
400
Describe the term denaturation.
Denaturation is when an enzyme looses its function.
500
What are the two parts of a chemical reaction?
1. Reactants: The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. Found on the left side of the reaction. 2. Products: The elements or compounds that are produced by a chemical reaction. Found on the right side of the reaction.
500
What are examples of simple carbohydrates and complex or large carbohydrates?
Simple Carbohydrate: glucose Complex Carbohydrate: starch
500
Describe a hydrolysis reaction in words and through a chemical equation using the letters A, B, and C.
Hydrolysis is the process in which we add water to make a molecule smaller.
500
a) Describe two examples of amino acids. b) What are amino acids made from?
a) Two examples of nuclic acids are DNA and RNA. b) Nucleic acids are built from nucleotides.
500
What is ment by the term optimum temperature or optimum pH?
This is the temperature or pH where the enzyme performs the best.
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