Atoms
What subatomic particle has a positive charge? Where is it found in the atom?
proton; nucleus
What property of water is described as the attraction between molecules of the same atom? What type of bond is involved in this attraction?
cohesion; hydrogen bonds
Carbs are made up of what elements? In what ratio?
CHO
1:2:1
Lipids are made up of what monomers normally?
glycerol + fatty acids
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What elements make up proteins?
C, H, O, N
Enzymes end in what letters
-ase
What is Mr. Ruddy's favorite color?
green
What is the atomic number for Gallium?
31
What property of water allows for water to travel up the sides of a graduated cylinder?
adhesion
Name two functions of carbohydrates
1. Quick energy source
2. Make up cell walls
Lipids have what two main functions?
make up cell membranes, long term energy storage
What are the elements that make up nucleic acids?
C, H, O, N, P
What is the building block of proteins?
What energy do enzymes lower? What does this do to the rate of reaction?
activation energy; speed up reaction
What is the name of the Disney channel show that stared Miley Cyrus where she had an alter ego?
Hannah Montana
11
Describe capillary action in plants
The movement of water against gravity - water will travel from the roots to the leaves via cohesion and adhesion
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? What is shape of the monomer?
monosaccharide - hexagon
Lipids are made up of what elements? What bond is more prevalent? Why?
C, H, O (c-h bonds) - more bonds = more energy
What are the sugars present for DNA vs RNA?
Deoxyribose vs ribose
Amino acids combine to form a _________________ that then folds into a functional protein.
polypeptide chain
Lactase would break down what carbohydrate?
lactose
Name the seven dwarfs
sleepy, happy, bashful, doc, dopey, grumpy, sneezy
If Chlorine atom has a +2 charge, what would be the number of electrons?
15
Describe the specific heat of water
Water has a high specific heat where it takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature by one unit - protects marine ecosystems
Sucrose has what chemical formula (remember it is two disaccharides and we have to remove water to form a bond)
C12H22O11
Describe the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats. Which ones are healthy vs unhealthy?
unsaturated fats have single and double c-c bonds and saturated fats have single c-c bonds - saturated fats (unhealthy) and unsaturated fats (healthy)
RNA is a copy of what found on DNA?
gene
List the four main functions of proteins
1. transport molecules
2. speed up chemical reactions
3. fight disease
4. make up bones and muscles
Name three factors that can cause an enzyme to denature
pH, temperature, salinty
Name three taylor swift albums
answers vary
Describe all three bonds discussed in this class
ionic - transferring electrons, forming a + and - charge that are attracted
covalent - sharing electrons
hydrogen - hydrogen atom attracted to N, O, F
Describe the polarity of water and how it dissolves salt
water is polar - partial negative charge oxygen + partial positive charge hydrogen -- water has a covalent bond which is weaker than an ionic bond - it will break the bond and interact with the ions - separating them
List the four polysaccharides + describe them
cellulose - (fiber) - found in cell walls
starch - sugar stored in plants
glycogen - sugar stored in the liver
chitin - exoskeleton of insects
What are the four types of lipids?
Waxes, Steroids, Phospholipids, Triglycerides
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
Which of the tests conducted in class tested for proteins? What color solution would mean a + result?
Biuret Test (purple)
During a chemical reaction, atoms are _____________. Describe the difference between an exothermic vs endothermic reaction.
rearranged
exothermic reaction - energy is released
endothermic reaction - energy is absorbed
Protein's what?
rule