Carbohydrates
Name the monomer of a carbohydrate.
Monosaccharide
Name the monomers of a lipid.
Glycerol + Fatty Acid
Name the monomer of a protein.
Amino Acids
Name the monomer of a nucleic acid.
Nucleotides
Which macromolecule are proteins made of?
Proteins.
What is the function(s) of carbohydrates?
Energy!!
What is the function(s) of lipids?
Insulation, protection, long-term energy.
What is the function(s) of proteins?
Growth and repair, enzymes, hormones, cell communication, antibodies, etc.
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
What is the function(s) of enzymes?
To catalyze chemical reactions in the body.
Name an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and a polysaccharide (100 points each).
Mono: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Di: Sucrose, Lactose
Poly: Starch, Cellulose, Glyceride
Name the three types of lipids (100 points each).
Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids.
How many different types of amino acids are there? Bonus 100 points if you can name one of them.
20.
The malfunction of Nucleic Acids can affect the function of which other macromolecule?
Proteins.
What is called when an enzyme loses its shape, and therefore its function, due to environmental stressors such as extreme heat or pH changes?
Denaturation.
A student claims that he has discovered a carbohydrate with the following formula: C5H11O5. Is this a carbohydrate? Why or why not?
It is not, because it is not a 1:2:1 ratio.
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? Which is healthier?
Saturated - single bonds, no more room for bonds
Unsaturated - double bonds, more room for molecules/energy
What is the bond between two amino acids called?
A peptide bond.
What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA? (must get all three correct for credit)
DNA is double stranded, has Thyracil (T), and its sugar is deoxyribose.
RNA is single stranded, has Uracil (U), and its sugar is ribose.
What is the area called where the enzyme carries out the reaction with the substrate?
The Active Site
What life function that we've discussed in class directly involves glucose?
Respiration.
Where do we find phospholipids in the human body? What do we specifically say this structure is composed of?
The cell membrane - phospholipid bilayer.
Name the four components of an Amino Acid.
Amino group, carboxyl group, central carbon, R side chain.
Which other molecule that we've discussed throughout biochemistry is structurally a nucleotide, although it does not have the same function as other nucleotides?
ATP
I need to break down a molecule of nucleic acid. What enzyme would I use?
Nuclease.