Water
Reactions
Carbs + Lipids
Proteins + Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
100
The bond created when a slightly positive hydrogen is attracted to a slightly negative oxygen between two water molecules
Hydrogen bond
100
What are large molecules made of smaller molecule "pieces"
polymers/macromolecules
100
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
100
What monomer is made of a phosphate group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous base?
Nucleotide
100
What do enzymes do to a reaction's activation energy?
Enzymes decrease activation energy
200
What types of molecules can water easily break down?
Polar and ionic
200
What are the two terms that describe reactions that create/build molecules?
Endergonic and Anabolic
200
Which polysaccharide is considered fiber because humans cannot break it down?
Cellulose
200
What are two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
200
Where do enzymes bind substrates? Where is it located?
Substrates bind enzymes on the active site of an enzyme
300
Why does oxygen have a slight negative charge and hydrogen have a slight positive charge within a water molecule?
Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen so it pulls electrons closer to it in the covalent bond, making oxygen slightly negative
300
What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
Removing water to join two or more molecules together
300
What are unsaturated fats?
Lipids that have at least one double bond that creates a kink that prevents stacking
300
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
When alpha helices and beta sheets interact with each other (in the same protein) via hydrogen bonds between R groups
300
What is the lock and key model?
It describes how enzymes + substrates perfectly fit each other (so enzymes are unique to substrates)
400
How can water climb up surfaces against the force of gravity? Name ALL the properties involved
Capillary action (adhesion of water to surface and cohesion of water to itself)
400
Which reaction type is this?
Exergonic/catabolic
400
What is the monomer(s) of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acid tails
400
What are the 4 groups that surround a carbon in an amino acid?
H, carboxyl group, amino group, R group
400
What is denaturation?
When in non-ideal conditions, the bonds within a protein will break, the protein will start to unfold, the active site will lose shape and no longer be able to bind a substrate
500
Name the 6 properties of water we've learned
Cohesion, adhesion, universal solvent, surface tension, high specific heat, capillary action
500
What is activation energy?
The amount of energy that ALL reactions need to get started
500
What bond types are found in carbs and lipids (to link monomers together)?
Carbs have glycosidic bonds, lipids have ester bonds
500
What are 2 examples of proteins by name
Sucrase, lactase, lipase, maltase, protease, amylase, acetylcholinesterase
500
Why might an enzymes activity increase as temperature increases? (except when it hits its denaturation point)
Molecules are moving faster and will cause the enzyme and substrate to bump into each other more/faster