Biomolecules and Building Blocks
What are the building block molecules of Nucleic Acids?
A. Amino Acids
B. Sugars
C. 1 Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
D. Nucleotides
D. Nucleotides
Water is classified as an inorganic compound because
A. it does not contain carbon
B. it does not contain nitrogen
C. it contains hydrogen
D. it contains oxygen
A. it does not contain carbon
What are two factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity?
temperature
pH
concentration of substrate
Which statement describes all enzymes?
A. They control the transport of materials.
B. They provide energy for chemical reactions.
C. They affect the rate of chemical reactions.
D. They absorb oxygen from the environment.
C. They affect the rate of chemical reactions.
Two examples of carbohydrates are
A) fatty acids and glycerol
B) fats and waxes
C) sugars and starches
D) amino acids and alcohol
C) sugars and starches
By consuming and digesting proteins we are providing our bodies with:
A. nucleotides
B. amino acids
C. lipids
D. starches
B. amino acids
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?
A. Glucose
B. Enzyme
C. Carbon Dioxide
D. Lipid
C. Carbon Dioxide
A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the
A. specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
B. rate at which the enzyme breaks down during a reaction it regulates
C. pH of all body systems
D. temperature of the products of the reaction it regulates
A. specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of a group of catalysts known as
A) enzymes
B) hormones
C) carbohydrates
D) fats
A) enzymes
Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins and DNA?
A. They are used to store genetic information.
B. They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.
C. They are used to assemble larger inorganic materials.
D. They are simple molecules used as energy sources.
B. They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.
Pasta, bread, rice and potatoes are all examples of which biomolecule?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Amino Acids
C. Lipids
D. Proteins
Which group is composed of entirely organic molecules?
A. Protein, oxygen, fat
B. Protein, starch, fat
C. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen
D. Water, starch, protein
B. Protein, starch, fat
Enzyme A is put into a test tube with starch. After one hour the test tube contains the products of starch digestion. Other than the enzyme, what did the scientists find in the test tube?
Glucose
Building Block 1 + Building Block 2+ Building Block 3 --> Enzyme
Identify the type of building block represented by 1, 2, & 3.
Amino Acids
Which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it?
A) maltose–amino acid
B) starch–glucose
C) protein–fatty acid
D) lipid–sucrose
B) starch–glucose
If starch is placed into a test tube with enzyme A, which has the ability to digest it, what do you predict would be present after one hour?
A. Starch and enzyme
B. Glucose and Starch
C. Glucose and enzyme
D. Amino acids and enzyme
C. Glucose and enzyme
An enzyme that is combining two glucose molecules to create a disaccharide is carrying out which life function?
A. Growth
B. Development
C. Synthesis
D. Digestion
C. Synthesis
Building Block 1 + Building Block 2+ Building Block 3 --> Enzyme
If the sequence of building blocks were changed, what effect could it most likely have on the protein?
— The shape of the protein could change.
— The function of the protein could be different.
— It might form a different protein.
Explain what might happen if the temperature were raised beyond the optimal value of a given enzyme.
The enzyme activity would slow down/stop
The enzyme would become denatured
The enzyme might change shape
Explain why we take Pepto Bismol when we have an upset stomach (usually means an excess of stomach acid). Do you think Pepto Bismol is an acid or a base?
Pepto Bismol is a base. By adding a base to an acid the stomach contents become neutralized.
Mad cow disease is a fatal disease that destroys brain tissue. Researchers have found that a prion protein, which is an abnormally constructed molecule, is responsible. Which statement best describes the characteristics a protein must have to function correctly?
A) A protein is a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape.
B) A protein is a long chain of simple sugars folded into a specific shape.
C) A protein is made of amino acids synthesized into a short, circular chain.
D) A protein is made of simple sugars synthesized into a short, circular chain.
A) A protein is a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape.
The human body is composed of the following categories:
7% fats and carbohydrates
67% water
1% minerals and salts
25% proteins
How much of the human body is composed of organic material?
32% (Fats, carbohydrates and proteins)
If the temperature of the tissue samples used in an experiment working with the catalase/peroxide reaction had been raised from 37°C (body temperature) to 50°C, the results would have been different because...
A) more enzymes are produced at higher temperatures, increasing the amount of hydrogen peroxide
B) more hydrogen peroxide is released at higher temperatures, increasing the activity of catalase
C) increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production
D) increasing temperatures decreased the synthesis of amino acids, increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide
C) increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production
Enzymes and antibodies are molecules that have specific shapes that give them different functions. Select either enzyme or antibody, and explain how the shape of the molecule you chose helps it carry out its normal function.
An enzyme has a specific shape that must match the shape of the molecules with which it interacts (lock and key or induced fit).
Limestone is a rock that can be crushed into a powder and sprayed into lakes that have been affected by acid rain. Do you think limestone is an acid or a base? Why would it be sprayed into a lake affected by acid rain?
Limestone is a base and is sprayed into a lake affected by acid rain to neutralize the acidic conditions.