Hydrolysis and Dehydration Synthesis
What is formed when many monomers come together?
A polymer
What is the job of an enzyme?
Speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
Draw a water molecule.
The water molecule should be bent with a larger oxygen and two smaller hydrogens coming off of it.
What are the three parts of an atom?
The proton, neutron, and electron.
What is the difference between amino acids?
The difference between amino acids is in the R groups.
Draw a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Two monomers coming together and water being removed to form a polymer.
What are some conditions that denature an enzyme?
Fluctuations in pH or temperature.
What is cohesion?
Cohesion is water molecules being attracted to other water molecules.
How does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond?
An ionic bond donates an electron to an atom. A covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
In unsaturated, there is double bonds between carbons in the carbon chain. They are also liquid at room temperature.
Draw a hydrolysis reaction.
Draw a polymer being broken into monomers by the addition of water.
What was the name of the protein digesting enzyme we studied in our lab?
Bromelain
Give an example of an animal that uses water’s surface tension to navigate the water.
Water Strider
What are the six elements essential to life?
CHNOPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
Provide one example of a monosaccharide and one example of a polysaccharide.
For monosaccharides, there’s glucose, fructose, and galactose. For polysaccharides, there’s starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
What type of polymer would form through the dehydration reactions of the amino acids?
Protein polymer
What happens when there is too much substrate in a reaction with enzymes?
At first, the rate of the reaction increases but if there is too much substrate, the enzyme can only react with a certain amount at a time and the rate of the reaction no longer increases.
What properties of water allow water to move through a plant for transpiration?
Cohesion allows the water molecules to stick together and adhesion allows the water to travel up the plant against gravity.
Draw a molecule of ethane (C2H6 )
The drawing should include the two carbons bonded together and the 3 hydrogens attached to each carbon.
Name two functions of lipids.
They provide support, energy, help with cell transport, and cell communication.
What type of polymer would form through the dehydration reactions of glucose molecules?
A (complex) carbohydrate polymer
Draw an interaction between an enzyme and substrate, label all parts of your diagram.
A substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme forming the enzyme substrate complex and then the product(s) of the reaction are released and the enzyme returns to its normal shape.
What is high specific heat?
Water is able to hold on to the heat without changing its temperature too drastically. This is important to a lot of aquatic life and life in general.
Draw a molecule of glucose and provide the chemical formula.
The chemical formula is C6H12O6. Your drawing should look like this.
What is the monomer of each of the macromolecules?
Proteins- amino acids, Lipids- glycerol and fatty acids, Carbohydrates- monosaccharides (ex: glucose), Nucleic acids- nucleotides.