Miscellaneous
building blocks of all living things
Cells
Contain carbon
Most are covalently bonded
Organic Compound
The basis for all steroids made in the body
Cholesterol
Cells that cover and line body organs
Epithelial
Chemical energy used by all cells
Energy is released by breaking high energy phosphate bond
What is ATP?
Release a hydrogen ion (just a proton) when they are in a solution
That proton is likely to participate in a chemical reaction
Acids
Easily dissociate into ions in the presence of water
salts
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Insoluble in water
What are lipids?
Cells that connect body parts
Fibroblasts
a nutrient that must be eaten (the body can’t make it)
What is an essential nutrient
Acids and bases can neutralize each other
Neutralization Reaction
Most abundant inorganic compound
Vital properties
High heat capacity
Polarity/solvent properties
Chemical reactivity
Cushioning
Water
Made of amino acids
Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Protein
Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues
connective tissue
Play many roles in the body
Transport materials
Help with reactions
Form net ionic charges
What is a mineral?
pH 7 =
pH below 7 =
pH above 7 =
pH 7 = neutral
pH below 7 = acidic
pH above 7 = basic
Name 2 of the 4 vial properties of water
High heat capacity
Polarity/solvent properties
Chemical reactivity
Cushioning
If a protein is not in the correct environment, it can become
denatured
Number of cell layers
Simple -
Stratified -
Shape of cells
Squamous -
Cuboidal -
Columnar -
Number of cell layers
Simple - one layer
Stratified - more than one layer
Shape of cells
Squamous - flattened
Cuboidal - cube-shaped
Columnar - column-shaped
Name 4 of the six categories of nutrients
What are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Mineral
Water
In order to regulate your pH what might your body do? Name 2 things
exhales carbon dioxide
excretes chemicals in urine
releases buffer solutions
Describe the difference between an acid and a base
Acids
Release a hydrogen ion (just a proton) when they are in a solution
That proton is likely to participate in a chemical reaction
Bases
Absorb hydrogen ion in a solution
Name the two common lipids in the body
1. Phospholipids
2. Steroids
What are the 4 primary types of tissues
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle
2 part answer:
1. substances are broken down into simpler substances and Energy is released
2. larger molecules are built from smaller ones and Energy is used
What is
1. Catabolism
2. Anabolism