Atomic Structure/Definitions
Carbohydrate
Proteins
Lipids
Properties of Water / Chemical Bonding
100
What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is 6?
100
What is the monomer of carbohydrate? What is the scientific name for carbohydrate as a polymer?
What is monosaccharide and polysaccharide?
100
What is the monomer of proteins? What is the scientific name of proteins as a polymer?
What is an amino acid and polypeptide?
100
What are the subunits that form a lipid?
What are 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol?
100
What are the two types of bonds? Identify them and give an example of each.
Covalent bonds --sharing electrons CO2 Hydrogen Bonds --polar attraction between opposite charges (two water molecules, between O and H)
200
What charge do protons have?
What is positive charge?
200
Name three types of monosaccharides and give a food example for each.
glucose, fructose and galactose candy, fruits, and milk
200
What is the bond that joins two amino acids together?
What is a peptide bond?
200
What elements are found in a lipid? What is the ratio of these elements?
Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen Equal number of hydrogen and carbon, very few oxygen
200
What are two bonds we see in water? Explain where we can see these bonds in water.
Covalent bonds between oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms of ONE water molecule Hydrogen bonds between TWO or more water molecules (attraction between slightly negative oxygen and slightly positive hydrogen)
300
What charge do electrons have?
What is a negative charge?
300
What is the main function of monosaccharides and what is the main function of polysaccharides?
Monosaccharide --immediate energy Polysaccharides --long term 1-2 day energy supply
300
What is hemoglobin?
What is a protein in our red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout our body?
300
What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fat? Give an example for each
Unsaturated fat contain one or more double bonds in their structure, which makes them kinky and hard to pack together Unsaturated fats include vegetable oil and olive oil Saturated fat contain no double bond in their carbon skeleton structure; therefore it makes it easy to stack and be stored as excess fat Saturated fats include butter
300
What are two functions of water? What characteristics/properties of water allow water to have these functions?
Two functions: adhesion and cohesion, universal solvent (water can bind with each other, and can dissolve other substances) Characteristic: polarity
400
What makes an organic molecule "organic"?
What contains carbon and hydrogen, have covalent bonds and is found in all living organisms?
400
What elements do all carbohydrates have? What is the ratio of the elements?
C, H and O. 1: 2: 1
400
Explain the four structures of proteins
Primary --sequence of amino acids Secondary --alpha helix and beta pleated sheets Tertiary --folding and interactions between amino acids (gobbler protein) Quaternary structure --interaction between two or more proteins
400
What are two examples of lipids?
Phospholipids (cell membrane), cholesterol, steroids
400
What is the general term for breaking down a polymer into its respective monomers?
dehydration synthesis (losing water as a bond forms between two monomers)
500
What does it mean for a molecule to be "polar"?
What has a slightly positive and slightly negative charge on different atoms?
500
Explain what is happening when you put a whole piece of saltine cracker in your mouth and let it dissolve.
The starch molecules (polymer) is breaking down into glucose. The taste should go from bland to a little bit sweet.
500
What was the protein we focused on our protein samples during the got milk lab? Why were we able to see a blue color?
What is casein? The Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye bonded to the unique R groups that were present in the amino acids in casein. Both baby formula and skim milk have casein, so both turned blue.
500
What are two functions of lipids?
Insulation Cushion organs Long term energy storage
500
What is the general term for joining two monomers into a polymer?
hydrolysis
M
e
n
u