Carbon
Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of
Carbon
Name 3 monosaccharides from our notes
glucose, fructose, galactose
may say deoxyribose, ribose or glyceraldehyde
The α helix and the β pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?
secondary
Enzymes act on substrates by "hugging" them--changing conformation to force bonds to break or be created. What happens to the enzyme shape once the reaction ends?
it resumes its original shape
molecular collisions between the enzyme and substrate increase
Glucose and galactose are both monosaccharides with the same chemical formula. They are considered _____ because they have different chemical structures.
isomers
What are the components of a triglyceride?
glycerol and three fatty acids
What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?
denaturation
Enzymes function by lowering the
activation energy
A competitive inhibitor decreases the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by binding to what part of the enzyme?
the active site
Which functional group has the chemical formula -COOH?
carboxyl
Describe how the chemical structure of a fat determines if it is solid or liquid at room temperature.
double bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of a fat make it a liquid at room temperature
Name all nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type
C, U, T
This vitamin binds temporarily with the active site of an enzyme, improving the induced fit between the enzyme and the substrate.
coenzyme
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
add more enzyme
A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a
lipid
Carbohydrates have what generalized chemical formula?
CH2O
1:2:1 ratio
A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a
disulfide bridge
Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as a(n)
cofactor
Noncompetitive inhibitors affect the rate of reaction by binding to a site OTHER than the active site of an enzyme. This remote site is called a _____ site.
allosteric
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires the removal of
Structural: cellulose and chitin
Storage: starch and glycogen
What are monomers of nucleic acids and what bond between these monomers creates polymers?
nucleotides; phosphodiester
The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as
feedback inhibition
The action of a ______ inhibitor can be overcome by adding more substrate.
competitive