Biochem
What is a Hydrogen bond?
The strongest intermolecular force, allow cohesion and adhesion
What is a monomer?
One building block
Which direction is DNA read?
5' to 3' direction
What is a a protein?
One or more polypeptide chains that's twisted, folded or coiled
How many levels of protein structure are there?
4
What is a covalent bond?
Strongest type of intramolecular bond, where atoms share one or more outer shell electrons
What is a polymer?
Many monomers linked together like nucleic acid or proteins
What do nucleic acids do?
Store genetic information
What are the two categories of nitrogenous bases?
Purines and Prymidines
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acids
What does nonpolar mean?
Equal sharing of electrons, usually in diatomic molecules
What are the four main macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
Fatty acid tails attached to a hydrophilic head
What are two characteristics of lipids?
What is a nucleotide made of?
nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
What does polar mean?
Unequal sharing of electrons because of negativity differences
What are the monomers and polymers of a lipid called?
What are two types of polysaccharides?
Structural, support
What are the four nitrogenous bases and what is different in RNA?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (uracil in RNA)
What is an amino acid made of?
carboxyl group, amino group, R group
Why does polarity matter?
It controls how molecules act and react to other molecules to support life (ex water is polar and that allows it to dissolve lots of nutrients and waste)
What are the monomers and polymers of a carbohydrate called?
Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide
short term energy, energy storage, structural support, cell to cell communication
What are the five types of lipids?
Fatty acids, fats, phospholipids, waxes, steroids
What are the functions of a protein?
structural support, transport, movement, defense, signaling