Microscopy and Techniques
Bioenergetics and Enzymes
Cell Membranes and Transport
Cellular Respiration
Random
100
What technique should you use to determine the presence of a protein of interest?
Western Blot
100
Which line (ignore the inhibitor stuff) displays a greater Vmax?
The top line
100
What characteristic of phospholipids causes the formation of the bilayer? And describe what it means.
It’s amphipathic nature
100
What is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain in mitochondria?
Oxygen
100
What theory suggests that chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria (or another photosynthetic bacterium)?
The Endosymbiotic Theory
200
Which microscopy technique was used to create these images?
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
200
This term in enzyme kinetics is the substrate concentration at ½ Vmax
Km or substrate affinity
200
How many times does this protein cross the cell membrane?
4
200
What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis?
2 ATP
200
Name one postulate of the cell theory.
All organism consist of cells
The cells is the basic unit of structure of all organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Microscopes allowed for the Cell Theory.
Light microscope was the first time cells were able to be visualized
300
Which microscopy technique was used to create this image?
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
300
What is the name for an inhibitor that inhibits the enzymes of the reaction from which it is produced?
End product inhibitor
300
Name the two types of transporters involved in facilitated diffusion and describe how they function.
(1) Channel proteins: act like pores in the membrane that allow the movement of water and ions. (2) Carrier proteins: bind solutes and transport them across the membrane by undergoing a conformational change.
300
Which process requires more glucose for the same amount of energy: fermentation or the citric acid cycle?
Fermentation
300
Describe how end product inhibition works.
end product inhibition is when the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction acts as an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme.
400
Which two techniques can be combined to separate different cellular components?
Cellular fractionation and differential or gradient centrifugation
400
Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by stabilizing this
Transition State
400
What two factors influence the fluidity of the cell membrane, and how could these factors be changed to increase fluidity?
(1) chain length: chain length could be decreased to increase fluidity (2) saturation: decreased saturation (more double bonds) would increase fluidity
400
Where in the cell does anaerobic fermentation occur?
Cytosol
400
Define hydrolysis and condensation in the context of macromolecules.
hydrolysis uses a water molecule to break bonds in macromolecules. Condensation is the formation of a bond between two units, and has water as a by-product.
500
Assign the type of blot test used to study: proteins, DNA, and RNA
Southern → DNA, Northern → RNA, Western → Proteins
500
What are the three assumptions of the Michaelis-Menton theory of enzyme action?
(1) Formation of ES is faster than (2) the decay of ES to E + P, which is slow, and (3) the final constant k4 is negligible
500
Calculate ΔGinward (in kcal/mol) for the movement of glucose across the cell membrane under the following conditions: [Glu]inside = 0.6.mM [Glu]outside = 8mM ΔGo’= -0.578 kcal/mol T = 37oC R= 1.987cal/mol x K
-2.302 kcal/mol
500
What is the function of Dinitrophenol (DNP)?
DNP is an uncoupling agent that transports protons across the membrane w/o going through the mitochondrial ATPase
500
Which ‘bond’ between nucleotides is stronger, A–T or C–G. Explain your answer.
The G–C ‘bond’ is stronger because there are three hydrogen bonds that contribute to it