Genetic changes in a population from generation to generation.
What is Evolution?
Fertile individuals moving in or out of a given population.
What is Gene Flow?
Blocks fertilization from occurring between two organism.
What is Pre-zygotic Barriers?
Problems after fertilization that prevents the offspring from successfully mating or reproducing.
What is Post-zygotic Barriers?
Bird wings and insect wings serve the same function but they have different evolutionary origins.
What is Analogous Structures?
The British Naturalist who studied organisms and fossils of South America and the Pacific. This person also wrote "The Origin of Species" in 1859.
Who is Charles Darwin?
Northern elephant seals experienced overhunting. Reducing their population down to 20 individuals in the 1890s. The population now has increased to over 30,000 but they have low genetic variation.
What is the Bottleneck Effect?
Two snakes of the same genus live in the same area. One is a water-dwelling garter snake and the other is a terrestrial garter snake. They do not interact or breed.
What is Habitat Isolation?
Some species of frogs in the genus Rana may interbreed, but their offspring either do not complete development and those that do are frail.
What is Reduced Hybrid Vitality?
In humans, the appendix and tail bone no longer serve a purpose but they are remnants of features used by our ancestors.
What is Vestigial Structures?
Darwin found that organisms are adapted to their environments. These inherited characteristics enhance an organisms survival and reproductive success in a specific environment.
What is Adaptations?
A population consisted of blue, yellow, orange, and purple butterflies. A few yellow and orange butterflies are moved to an island and begin to reproduce. This new population is experiencing a change in the gene pool.
What is the Founders Effect?
The Northern Leopard Frog mates in April. While the North American Bullfrog mates in July.
What is Temporal Isolation?
When a lion and a tiger mate they produce a liger. Ligers can not have their own offspring.
What is Reduced Hybrid Fertility?
Light-colored peppered moths camouflaged better against a lighter environment. While Dark-colored peppered moths camouflage better against a sooty environment. During the industrial revolution, the environment turned to a sooty color. The population shifted from light the dark.
What is Directional Selection?
New alleles arise by mutations. New alleles are only inheritable if the mutations happen in cells that produce gametes. Mutations must affect the organisms phenotype.
What is Sources of Variation?
Two male deer fight for a mate. They use their antlers to compete with each other.
What is Intrasexual Selection?
Male blue footed boobies "show off" their feet to the female. If the bird does not do the dance, they do not get the mate.
What is Behavioral Isolation?
A strain of cultivated rice has multiple hybrids in the first generation. The second generation are small and sterile. In other words, the hybrid's offspring can not have babies.
What is Hybrid Breakdown?
In humans, it is preferred for a new born baby's weight to be intermediate to the extremes. If the baby is too small or to large their life expectancy decreases.
What is Stabilizing Selection?
1) Individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate.
2) The frequency of these traits increase over time.
3) If the environment changes, new adaptations may arise.
What is Natural Selection?
A male Red-capped Manakin moonwalks to impress his mate.
What is Intersexual Selection?
Sea Urchins of more than one species might reproduce in the same place at the same time, but the sperm from species A is incompatible with species B and vice versa.
What is Gametic Isolation?
*Curve Ball Question*
Limb bones in mammals were inherited from a common ancestor.
What is Homologous Structure?
In a population of rabbit, there are grey, white, and brown colored rabbits. Grey rabbits can hide in the rocks and brown rabbits can blend with the soil. With white being the intermediate phenotype, they do not hide as easily and are usually preyed on.
What is Disruptive Selection?