ATP-PC
The first anaerobic system that is utilized in short intense sprints and vertical jumps.
What is the ATP-PC system?
The part of the cell where glycolysis occurs
What is the sarcoplasm?
This function describes the Krebs cycle's role in breaking down substrates for energy production
What is oxidation?
The energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump these ions from the inner tissues of the outer mitochondrial compartment
What are hydrogen plus ions?
A system that creates energy without the use of oxygen
Anaerobic system
The enzyme that breaks PC into creatine and Pi
What is creatine kinase?
The primary reactants of glycolysis
What is glucose and ATP?
The two carbon molecule that combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate starting the Krebs cycle.
What is acetyl-CoA?
This molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water
What is oxygen?
The system that creates the most energy or ATP
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
The primary contributors to decreased muscle force and fatigue if ATP and PC depletion are not the main causes
What is increased acidity?
If oxygen is available, pyruvate is converted into this molecule
What is acetyl-CoA
The oxidized form of NAD and FAD
What is NAD+ and what is FAD?
The flow of hydrogen ions down their chemical gradient through these channels activates ATP synthase
What are hydrogen channels (called respiratory assembly)?
This cycle produces glucose from lactate even when the body is at rest
What is the Cori cycle?
A non-protein amino acid that allows greater acceleration of ATP resynthesis
What is creatine?
If not enough oxygen is available pyruvate is converted into this molecule.
What is lactate?
Along with NADH and CO2 this high-energy electron carrier is produced during the Krebs cycle
What is FADH2?
This enzyme uses the energy from the flow of hydrogen ions to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
What is ATP synthase?
Lactate may be used by tissues like skeletal muscle to synthesize glycogen or pyruvate
What is the Lactate Shuttle hypothesis?
Increased intramuscular ATP concentrations at rest
What are the performance benefits of anaerobic training?
The net products of glycolysis from glucose include 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 NADH molecules, and this gain of ATP?
What is 2 ATP molecules?
The reduced form of NAD and FAD
What is NADH and FADH2?
Pairs of electrons are passed from one of these molecules to the next in the ETC, releasing energy.
What are cytochromes?
Exercise intensity at which blood lactic acid exceeds resting concentration
What is the lactate threshold?