Animal Viruses
Bacteriophages
Bacterial Growth
Microbe Oxygen Usage
Molecular Biology
Random
100
What part of a virus protects its genome?
Capsid
100
Viruses that infect bacteria are called
Bacteriophages
100
How do most bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
100
These microbes require oxygen and are able to detoxify it
Obligate aerobes
100
In RNA, an A would be paired with which base?
U
100
What process builds complex molecules from simpler ones?
Anabolism
200
Name one way animal viruses enter host cells.
1. Endocytosis
2. Fusion
3. Injection
200
This type of bacteriophage can enter a lysogenic cycle
Temperate phage
200
What phase occurs right after inoculation in bacterial growth?
Lag phase
200
Where would we expect to see growth of obligate anaerobes in a tube?
Bottom only
200
Transcription takes place in the _______
Translation takes place in the _______
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
200
In order for transcription to occur, these 2 parts of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme are required
Core (polymerase core), and sigma factor
300
What type of virus can cause cancer in mammals?
Oncovirus
300
A prophage is made by __________ and a provirus is made by __________
Temperate phages (bacteriophages)
Retroviruses
300
Name the four phases of the bacterial growth curve
Lag, exponential (log), stationary, death
300
These microbes are able to grow throughout the length of the tube with an even distribution
Aerotolerant anaerobes
300
What is the flow of genetic info in a cell?
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
300
Short DNA fragments on the lagging strand of DNA replication are called
Okazaki fragments
400
What is the source of enveloped viruses’ envelope?
Host cell membrane (or nucleus/RER)
400
A phage genome inserted into the bacterial chromosome is called a
Prophage
400
These microbes prefer moderate temperatures but can survive short durations of high termperatures
Thermoduric
400
What type of microbes exhibits this growth pattern?
Facultative anaerobes
400
What enzyme unzips DNA during replication?
Helicase
400
Name an electron carrier.
NADH
FADH2
500
Which step of the SARS-Co2 life cycle involves the spike protein?
Adsorption
500
Activation of a prophage to enter the lytic cycle is called
Induction
500
These microbes prefer temperatures below 15C
Psychrophiles
500
What’s the difference between facultative and aerotolerant anaerobes?
Facultative: can USE O2
Aerotolerant: CANT us O2
500
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
500
Capsid are made of smaller subunits called
Capsomeres
600
This enzyme is necessary for retroviruses to replicate
Reverse transcriptase
600
What two steps of the lytic cycle have to happen prior to lysogeny?
Adsorption and penetration
600
The relationship between lice and humans would be considered what?
Parasitic
600
This is the reason microaerophiles are unable to grow at the very top of a tube
Can't detoxify oxygen
600
What is the anticodon for GCA?
CGU
600
What specific RNA allows ribosomes to bind mRNA?
16S rRNA