DNA
DNA Replication
RNA
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis II & Vocabulary
Steps in Protein Synthesis
Mutations
1

This is the shape of DNA.

What is double helix?

1

This is a process by which a cell copies or duplicates its DNA. 

What is Replication?

1

The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....

What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil?

1

The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand. 

What is transcription?

1

In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized? 

What is " the ribosome?"

1

Protein Synthesis actually begins in the _______________ when DNA transcribes into ___________.  

What is nucleus?  What is mRNA?

1

Which mutation swaps one (or more) nucleotide with another?

point mutation (aka substitution)

1

A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base make up a_______.

What is a nucleotide?

1

True or False

Proofreading of the new DNA strand by polymerase I and II repairs 99% of all errors that occur during replication. 

True

1

True or False

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids

True

1

The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.

What is the "nucleus?"

1

This type of RNA transfers the appropriate amino acid.

What is tRNA?


1
The copying of a single gene of the DNA to RNA is called _____________. 

 What is transcription. 

1

Which type of mutation adds one (or more) nucleotide that wasn't previously present?

Frameshift mutation (specifically, insertion)

1

The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...

What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine?

1

Adenine pairs with ___________

Guanine pairs with ____________

What is thymine?

What is cytosine?

1

Name the three different types of RNA

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

1

Provide the missing information

DNA: CTA 

mRNA: 


What is..

mRNA: GAU


1

These three nitrogen bases are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation.

What is the "anticodon."

1

The copy created from transcription is ______________.

What is mRNA?

1

Which type of mutation removes one (or more) nucleotides?

Frameshift mutation, specifically deletion

1

This is the bond that connects nitrogenous bases of DNA in the rungs of the ladder.

What are hydrogen bonds?

1

This enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during replication.  It unzips the DNA.

What is helicase?

1

This type of RNA is found in ribosomes.

What is rRNA?

1

DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG. What is the complementary mRNA strand from the DNA sequence?

What is RNA: GUA-CAU-GGC?

1

A group of  three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________

What is a "codon?"

1

mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to this organelle.

What is the ribosome?

1

Which mutation results when a segment of a chromosome is copied?

duplication

1

This is small subunits that compose molecules of DNA & RNA.

What is a nucleotide?

1

What determines the function of a protein?

Its shape.

1

RNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome through this substance.

What is cytoplasm?

1

Ribosomes read the mRNA strand _____ codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogen bases.

What is "1 and 3"?

1

The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome

What is mRNA?

1

Due to the base-pairing rule, what percent of cytosine would be present if there is 30% guanine? 

What is 30%

1

Errors in DNA of these cells can be passed on to offspring.

Gametes

1

This is the sugar found in DNA. 

What is deoxyribose?

1

These fragments are formed on the lagging strand when DNA is replicated.

What are Okazaki fragments?

1

True or False

mRNA can't leave the nucleus because it's too big.

false

1

The sequence of bases on mRNA that indicates the beginning of the protein building instructions? 

What is the START codon?

1

This is the name of the strand that is created from the DNA template for protein synthesis.

What is the mRNA?

1

tRNA brings the correct _____________________ back to the ribosome.

What is amino acid. 

1

A _______ in the sequence of the nucleotides is usually caused by insertion or deletion.

frameshift

1

This term describes the nitrogen bases that are double-ringed structures. 

What are purines?

1

During the formation of new strands of DNA, this enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strand. 

What is DNA Polymerase?

1

An RNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What would be the resulting tRNA anticodons?

WHAT IS UAC-GAU-GGC?

1

A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a ____.

What is a "Stop Codon."

1

This enzyme  binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand.

What is RNA polymerase?

1

This nucleic acid can be found inside and outside of the nucleus.

What is RNA?

1

Which mutation results when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome?

translocation

1

This term describes the nitrogen bases that are single-ringed structures.  

What are pyrimidines?

1

This is another name of a protein.

What is a polypeptide?

1

List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.

DNA is double stranded; RNA is single

N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G

DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar

DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.

DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus

1

The secondary process of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins is known as ______.

What is translation?

1

This changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA. 

What is a mutation?

1

This long chain of amino acids is called becomes a ______________. 

What is protein?  

1

Which mutation causes a stop codon to appear too early?

nonsense

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