ABSTRACT
INTRO
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
100
What rare gut microbe is found in higher abundance in colorectal cancer patients?
- A) E. coli
- B) Fusobacterium spp.
- C) Lactobacillus
- D) Bifidobacterium
B) Fusobacterium spp.
100
What type of cancer is the second most occurring cancer worldwide?
- A) Breast cancer
- B) Lung cancer
- C) Colorectal cancer
- D) Prostate cancer
C) Colorectal cancer
100
What is the main purpose of culturing bacterial strains in a laboratory?
A) To create new bacteria
B) To study their properties and behavior
C) To feed animals
D) To preserve them for future use
B) To study their properties and behavior
100
In the study, what method was used to measure Fusobacterium spp. abundance in tissue samples?
A) DNA sequencing
B) Quantitative PCR (qPCR)
C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
D) Flow cytometry
B) Quantitative PCR (qPCR)
100
In the study, what was the effect of introducing F. nucleatum to ApcMin/+ mice?
A) Reduced tumor growth
B) Accelerated small intestinal and colonic tumorigenesis
C) No change in tumor growth
D) Reduced inflammation
B) Accelerated small intestinal and colonic tumorigenesis
200
What type of cancer is linked to the gut microbiota according to increasing evidence?
- A) Lung cancer
- B) Breast cancer
- C) Colorectal cancer
- D) Skin cancer
C) Colorectal cancer
200
What effect does antibiotic treatment have on tumor incidence in murine colitis-associated colorectal cancer models?
- A) Increases tumor incidence
- B) Reduces tumor incidence
- C) Has no effect
- D) Causes new types of cancer
B) Reduces tumor incidence
200
Using ____, all datasets were evaluated and microbial relative abundance was calculated at the genus level.
A) dbGAP
B) RPKM
C) BLAST
D) PathSeq
D) PathSeq
200
What does adenoma mean, and how's it different from carcinomas?
A) Adenomas: benign tumors, meaning they are very small, carcinomas: malignant tumors, meaning they are large
B) Adenomas: malignant tumors, meaning they are very small, carcinomas: benign tumors, meaning they are large
C) Adenomas: benign tumors, meaning they do not spread much, carcinomas: malignant tumors, meaning they spread throughout the body
D) Adenomas: malignant tumors, meaning they do not spread much, carcinomas: benign tumors, meaning they spread throughout the body
C) Adenomas: benign tumors, meaning they do not spread much, carcinomas: malignant tumors, meaning they spread throughout the body
200
Why were Il-10 -/- models used?
A) They have a mutation for colorectal cancer
B) They don't have rRNA
C) They lack the IL-10 gene which reduces inflammation
D) They lack the MDMA gene which promotes colitis
C) They lack the IL-10 gene which reduces inflammation
300
In the ApcMin/+ mouse model, what effect does Fusobacterium nucleatum have on tumor development?
- A) Decreases tumor multiplicity
- B) Increases tumor multiplicity
- C) No effect on tumors
- D) Reduces tumor size
B) Increases tumor multiplicity
300
Which bacterial pathogen induces colitis and colonic tumors in ApcMin/+ mice by triggering a T helper type 17 (Th17) inflammatory response?
A) Fusobacterium nucleatum
B) Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
C) Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain NC101
D) Helicobacter pylori
B) Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
300
For Multicolor Flow Cytometry, cells were incubated with:
A) Fc blocking antibody
B) Anti-mouse blocking antibody
C) IgD blocking antibody
D) Ipilimumab blocking antibody
A) Fc blocking antibody
300
What was the percentage of adenomas in which Fusobacterium was detectable by qPCR in the study?
A) 30%
B) 48%
C) 60%
D) 72%
B) 48%
300
What is the significance of the NF-κB proinflammatory signature in relation to F. nucleatum and colorectal cancer?
A) It indicates a reduced immune response.
B) It shows a shared inflammatory response between humans and mice with high Fusobacterium abundance.
C) It suggests that F. nucleatum suppresses inflammatory responses.
D) It is unrelated to tumor growth.
B) It shows a shared inflammatory response between humans and mice with high Fusobacterium abundance.
400
What specific immune cells does Fusobacterium nucleatum selectively recruit in the ApcMin/+ mouse model?
- A) Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- B) Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
- C) Natural killer cells
- D) Dendritic cells
B) Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
400
What kind of sequencing has shown enrichment of Fusobacterium species in colorectal cancers?
A) Whole-genome sequencing
B) Transcriptome sequencing
C) Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene DNA sequencing
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
400
The researchers used two methods to measure the amount of Fusobacterium and then classify samples, known as ___ and ___:
A) qPCR and 16S sequencing
B) Exome sequencing and third-generation sequencing
C) PathSeq and single cell sequencing
D) Reserve transcription and High-fidelity PCR
A) qPCR and 16S sequencing
400
According to the study, how does the abundance of Fusobacterium spp. in the fecal microbiota of CRC patients compare to healthy controls?
A) Lower in CRC patients
B) The same in both groups
C) Higher in CRC patients
D) Not measured in the study
C) Higher in CRC patients
400
How might Fusobacterium nucleatum contribute to a more tumor-permissive microenvironment according to the study?
A) By producing glucose for tumor cells
B) By competing with tumor cells for amino acids
C) By promoting tumor cell proliferation, blood vessel growth, and immune cell infiltration through metabolic products
D) By reducing oxygen levels in the tumor microenvironment
C) By promoting tumor cell proliferation, blood vessel growth, and immune cell infiltration through metabolic products
500
Unlike other bacteria linked to colorectal carcinoma, what condition does Fusobacterium nucleatum not exacerbate?
- A) Colitis
- B) Enteritis
- C) Inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis
- D) All of the above
D) all of the above!!!
500
Researchers assessed the association of F. nucleatum in:
- A) synovial fluid and endothelial tissue
- B) stool and colonic tissue
- C) connective tissue and colonic tissue
- D) urine and colonic tissue
B) stool and colonic tissue
500
Which statistical test was used for the RNA-seq data to correlate genus relative abundance to host gene expression?
A) Mann-Whitney U test
B) Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test
C) Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
D) Fisher’s exact test
Answer:
C) Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
500
In Fig. 2A, "histologic colitis score" is a dependent variable. In simple words, this means:
A) Amount of malignant tumors
B) Inflammation severity
C) Colon tumor count
D) Closeness to MSH2 and MSH6 genes
B) Inflammation severity
500
What does the study suggest about the relationship between APC min/+ mice mutations and the enrichment of Fusobacterium spp. in colorectal tumors?
A) APC mutations occur after Fusobacterium spp. enrichment.
B) APC mutations are irrelevant to Fusobacterium spp. enrichment.
C) APC mutations precede the tissue enrichment of Fusobacterium spp.
D) APC mutations inhibit Fusobacterium spp. enrichment.
C) APC mutations precede the tissue enrichment of Fusobacterium spp.