Development & ontogeny
An individual maintains its body plan throughout ontogeny if it follows this type of development.
What is direct development?
Leafcutter ants finding leaves to feed the fungi growing in their colonies is the earliest example of this process.
What is domestication?
We may consider the combination of ourselves plus our gut microbiome as this collection of individuals behaving as a single unit with enhanced function.
What is a supraorganism?
Between the movement of vertebrates on land and the evolution of the first human, this event occurred more recently in Earth's history.
What is the evolution of the first human?
This is a collection of cooperative, interdependent, overlapping biological systems that operate at many continuous levels of scale.
What is an organism?
These protein complexes recruit RNA polymerase, and are an important pre-transcriptional process regulating gene expression.
What are transcription factors?
Bat populations evolving increasingly better echolocation to hunt moths and moth populations evolving increasingly better means of echolocation detection to evade bats is known as this evolutionary concept.
What is coevolution?
What is an arms race?
What is the Red Queen effect?
What is a positive feedback loop?
This gastrointestinal condition is characterized by a decline in microbial diversity and increase in obligate anaerobes.
What is dysbiosis?
Between the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction and the evolution of the first simple multicellular organism, this event occurred first in Earth's history.
What is the evolution of the first simple multicellular organism?
What is oxygen?
Metamorphosis is caused by this type of developmental change (hetero...?).
What is heterometry?
Sisters in eusocial haplodiploid colonies are related to one another by this percent.
What is 75%?
A change in diet may lead to a change in cognitive clarity because of this connection inside your body.
What is the gut-brain axis?
This type of dating uses the half-life of isotopes to determine the exact age of a fossil.
What is radiometric dating?
This term may be used to refer to both the evolution of multicellularity and eusociality.
What is a major evolutionary transition?
An increase in this hormone is one proximate cause of metamorphosis in insects.
What are ecdysteroids?
An individual performing an altruistic act with a cost of 0.25 for a recipient who will receive a benefit of 1 must be related to the recipient by at least this much.
What is 0.25?
What is functional redundancy?
These easily identifiable group of fossils found in only one rock layer across the globe are commonly used in relative dating.
What are index fossils?
This movement of molecules from high to low concentration facilitates biological processes ranging from muscle movement to waste filtration.
What is diffusion?
Vernal pools are one example of metamorphosis being adaptive for this reason.
What is environmental instability?
Vampire bats may choose to share their blood with starving colony members they repeatedly interact with, based on this game theory concept.
What is the iterative prisoner's dilemma?
The relationship between humans and their gut microbiome may be defined by this symbiotic relationship.
What is a mutualism?
The idea that a hard-shelled mollusk is more likely than a soft-bodied leaf to be fossilized refers to this kind of bias.
What is preservation bias?
This property of complex systems refers to the higher level function that arises when all parts of a complex system work together.
What is emergence?