Chemistry
The three components of an atom
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?
What is an acid?
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Amino acids make up____
proteins
What binds primary structure together?
Peptide bonds (covalent bonds)
What is an aquaporin?
An integral membrane protein that facilitates the movement of water across a membrane
How many valance electrons does nitrogen have?
5
pH = negative log of ____
the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+]
What reaction makes the bonds between the amino acid chain?
Dehydration synthesis
True or False: Quaternary structure exists in all proteins.
False
What causes protein denaturation?
Heat, shifts in pH, and alcohols/salts of heavy metals
Which compound is least likely to dissolve in water?
NaCl, CH3, NH3, C2H6O, or C6H6
C6H6
2 water molecules can dissociate into _____ and _____
A hydronium ion (H3O+); hydroxide ion (OH-)
What four questions do you ask when evaluating amino acids?
Is it polar?
Is it nonpolar?
Is it positively charged/a base?
Is it negatively charged/an acid?
What are the two types of secondary structure?
What is the purpose of the iron of a heme group?
To interact with O2 with just the right strength in order to carry it.
Order the atoms from highest electronegativity to lowest: O, Br, Si, F
F > O > Br > Si
What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a lake with a pH of 7.0?
10-7
What are the four major parts of an amino acid?
Amino group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon (and an attached hydrogen), and R-group
Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by a change in the amino acid sequence?
Primary structure
Why does water turn when going through the APN complex?
APN complex contains an asparagine that forms specific hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl oxygen and the side-chain amino group
What is the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?
Polar: electrons hang out in an uneven distribution determined by the electronegativity of the atoms in the bond (unequal sharing of electrons)
Non-polar: electrons hang out in an even distribution in the bond (equal sharing of electrons)
In order to raise the pH of a solution, ____ is added to _____ the concentration of _____ ions in the solution.
a base; reduce; hydrogen
Evaluate this amino acid: Tryptophan
(I will pull up a picture)
Non polar :3
(not charged)
What bonds make up quaternary structure?
Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der waals interactions (hydrophobic interactions), and disulfide bridges
Why is asparagine key to aquaporin?
Specificity for water