Ch 3
What cell organelle makes proteins
Ribosomes
What is the most abundant molecule of a cells membrane and give the membrane most of its innate properties
phospholipids
what are the 2 main phases of the cell cycle
interphase and the mitotic phase
What is the outcome of the cell cycle
2 genetically identical cells
What is the outcome of Meiosis
4 genetically unique cells
What organelle uses sunlight to make carbs
chloroplast
What is the function of a receptor membrane protein
bind a molecule and initiate a response inside the cell
S phase
List the phases of mitosis in order
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What is the process of making sperm called
spermatogenesis
What organelle is considered the packaging, refinement, and shipping organelle
Golgi apparatus
What type of junction found in between animal cells forms an impenetrable barrier
tight junctions
What is considered controlled cell death and plays an important role in things like development and cancer prevention
apoptosis
What occurs during Mitosis anaphase
the sister chromatids are separated
Are the cells at the end of Meiosis haploid or diploid and how many chromosomes do they each have
haploid cells with 23 singular chromosomes
Which cytoskeletal filament is involved in moving of the cell
actin
Explain facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane
a molecule moves form high to low concentration across the membrane with the help of a carrier protein
List the 3 cell cycle checkpoints
G1
G2
M
What is the structure called that splits animal cells apart during cytokinesis
cleavage furrow
synapsis (pairing of same chromosomes together)
Crossing over of genes
Explain the endosymbiotic theory
mitochondria and chloroplasts originates as separate prokaryotes that were eaten by bigger cells and then became that cells mitochondria and chloroplasts
Explain active transport and what does it require
A molecule is moved from low to high concentration across a membrane by a pump protein and requires energy
Is a human somatic cell haploid or diploid and how many chromosomes does it have
diploid; 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)
nuclear envelope breaks down
chromatin DNA condenses into chromosomes
centrosomes begin to move to ends of the cell
What is independent assortment and when does it occur
which chromosome of the pairs each cell gets as a result of anaphase is different