Enzymes & Respiration
What kind of reaction has more energy in the reactants than the products?
exergonic
What are the functions of proteins in the cell membrane?
adhesion, communication, transport
In which phase do chromosomes duplicate?
interphase
fat, steroid, phospholipid
What base pairs with adenine?
DNA- thymine
RNA- uracil
What are enzymes?
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
What is it called when the concentration of a solute is the same on both sides of the membrane?
isotonic
How many cells are produced after meiosis II, and how many chromosomes do each have?
4 cells with 23 chromosomes each
What organic compound is important for storing energy in plants?
starch
What delivers amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
transfer RNA
What mnemonic device can be used to remember gaining and losing electrons and what does it stand for?
OIL RIG
Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
diffusion- simply the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
osmosis- the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
mitosis- produce identical cells
meiosis- produce gametes (for reproduction)
Which functional group contains nitrogen?
amino
What substance acts as glue during DNA replication?
DNA ligase
What are NADH and FADH2? What is their purpose in respiration?
coenzymes, they take electrons from the first two stages of respiration to the ETC
If a balloon filled with a 2% solution is dropped into a bucket of 5% solution, would the balloon gain or lose weight?
lose weight
In what stage(s) of meiosis are cells diploid?
prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I
Which organic compound is important for processing information in your cells?
RNA
How many regular codons are there? Stop codons?
61 regular; 3 stop codons
List the stages of respiration, where they take place, and how many ATP is produced in each stage.
glycolysis- cytosol, 2 ATP
Kreb's cycle- mitochondria, 2 ATP
ETC- mitochondria, 32 ATP
If a balloon with 10% solution is dropped in a bucket of 9% solution, what would happen to the balloon?
gain weight
List the stages of meiosis I and describe what happens in each step.
prophase I- crossing over
metaphase I- chromosomes align on metaphase plate
anaphase I- homologous chrom. separate
telophase I- cytokinesis
carbonyl - bonds to an H or R
carboxyl- bonds to an OH
on the leading strand