PLASMA MEMBRANE
The majority of lipids in membranes are which kind?
Phospholipids
What are peripheral proteins?
Proteins bound to the surface of the membrane
Solutes traveling against the concentration gradient require
ATP; Active Transport
This organelle detoxifies poisons, stores Ca2+ ions, synthesized lipids and metabolizes carbs
Smooth ER
Do lysosomes work better in acidic or basic environments
Acidic
The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability which means...?
Allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others
What type of amino acid anchors proteins to membrane
Non-polar
What is phagocytosis
Cell Eating
What cytoskeleton element is made up of tubulin and acts as a monorail system for the cell
Microtubules
What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies products of ER
Manufacturer certain macromolecules
Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Molecules in this state cannot pass membranes with no problem
Liquids and solids
What are the two structures included in integral proteins?
1) Hydrophobic regions of an integral protein are stretches of nonpolar amino acids (3° structure!)
2)Coiled into alpha helices (2° structure!)
What is the main electrogenic pump in animals
Sodium Potassium Pump
Describe endosymbiont theory
An early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed a non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell, which formed an endosymbiont relationship with its host
The host cell and endosymbiont merged into a single organism, a eukaryotic cell with a mitochondria
What organelles make up the endomembrane system?
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane
The fluid mosaic model states...?
a membrane is a fluid structure with a “mosaic” of various proteins embedded in it
These animal cell junctions fasten cells together into strong sheets
Desosomes
What is membrane potential?
Voltage difference across a membrane.
(Voltage is created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions across a membrane.)
What are grana?
Stores thylakoids in stacks to increase surface area
Functions of membrane bound organelles
Can sequester (separate) certain tasks
Divide labor
Generate gradients
An organism that lives in the north pole is likely a ... and will have lots of these in their membrane
Thermophile. Cis unsaturated fats.
What are the six major functions of membrane proteins?
1)Transport
2) Enzymatic activity
3)Signal transduction
4)Cell-cell recognition
5) Intercellular joining
6) Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)
What are the two components that make up the electrochemical gradient?
1) A chemical force (the ionʼs concentration gradient)
2) An electrical force (the effect of the membrane potential on the ionʼs movement)
Describe everything you know about microfilaments
Also called actin filaments, thinnest components
7 nm
Muscle contraction, cell motility, maintenance of cell shape, cell division
Myosin motors in muscle cell contraction; amoeboid movement; cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells
Name the types of intercellular junctions and whether they are found in plants or animals
Plants: Plasmodesmata
Animals: Desomosomes, Tight Junctions, Gap Junctions