Chemistry of Life
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in an atom.
What is the term for water’s ability to stick to itself?
Cohesion
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids.
What is the smallest unit of life?
The cell
What is the main element found in all organic molecules?
Carbon
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?
Covalent bond.
What property of water allows it to regulate temperature effectively?
High specific heat
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
What organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?
Mitochondria.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7.
What is the term for water’s ability to dissolve many substances?
Universal Solvent
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
To provide energy
What structure regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell.
What are the 6 most abundant elements in living organisms?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfer
What kind of bond forms between water molecules?
Hydrogen bond.
What type of lipid makes up cell membranes?
Phospholipids
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosome.
What organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?
Golgi apparatus
What type of bond forms between positively and negatively charged ions?
Ionic bond.
Why does ice float on water?
Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds form a lattice structure.
What is the bond that links amino acids in proteins?
Peptide bond
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.
What is the term for a molecule that speeds up chemical reactions?
Catalyst.