Chem Basics
This subatomic particle determines an element’s atomic number and is the only particle that changes the identity of an element when its number changes.
What is a proton?
This property of water allows water molecules to stick to each other and helps maintain continuous columns of water in plant xylem.
What is cohesion?
This monosaccharide is the main quick energy source for cells and has the formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
What is glucose?
This type of cell contains a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
This organelle stores the cell's DNA and acts as the control center of a eukaryotic cell.
What is the nucleus?
In a molecule of H₂O, this type of intramolecular bond forms because oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen, causing electrons to be shared unequally.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Because of this property, water can dissolve substances such as sodium chloride and glucose and transport nutrients throughout organisms.
What is being an excellent solvent?
This polysaccharide stores excess glucose in animals and is highly branched for rapid glucose release.
What is glycogen?
This type of cell does not have a membrane-bound nucleus and includes bacteria and archaea.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
This organelle is known as the site where proteins are synthesized.
What is a ribosome?
When two monomers join through this reaction, an –OH from one monomer and an –H from the other combine to form H₂O, allowing a new covalent bond to form.
What is a dehydration synthesis?
Water molecules have partial positive and negative charges because oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen. This characteristic is called water’s ______.
What is polarity?
This type of macromolecule is made of amino acids and can function as an enzyme.
What is protein?
Unlike eukaryotic cells, this type of cell usually has circular DNA and is smaller and simpler.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This property of water results from hydrogen bonding between molecules and helps maintain continuous columns of water in plant xylem during transpiration.
What is cohesion?
A solution changes from pH 7 to pH 5. The hydrogen ion concentration increases by this many times.
What is 100 times?
This nucleic acid contains the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine and stores long-term genetic information.
What is DNA?
This structure surrounds every cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell, helping maintain homeostasis.
What is a cell membrane?
This organelle produces most of the cell's ATP and is often called the "powerhouse" of the cell.
What is the mitochondria?
A solution changes from pH 7 to pH 5. The hydrogen ion concentration has changed by this factor, illustrating why even a two-unit change on the pH scale represents a substantial chemical difference.
What is a 100-fold increase?
Ice floats on liquid water because it has this property, which helps protect aquatic organisms by insulating the water underneath.
What is ice being less dense than liquid water?
This polysaccharide provides structural support in plant cell walls and consists of glucose monomers connected by β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.
What is cellulose?
Eukaryotic cells are able to separate different cellular activities into specialized areas using these structures surrounded by membranes.
What are membrane-bound organelles?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste products and cellular materials.
What is a lysosome?