Vocabulary
Haploid
Prophase I
Chromosomes condense, undergo synapsis (what is this?), and a bivalent is formed
Prophase
Chromosomes condense, centrosomes produce microtubles
Cyclins bind and activate _________ to control ________________
cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK); progression through the cell cycle
Gene
An inherited factor (encoded in DNA) that helps determine a characteristic
Diploid
A nucleus with two copies of each chromosome
Prometaphase I
Spindles attach to kinetochores on chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes form metaphase plate, spindle fibres attach to kinetochores
The addition of a _____________ to a target protein promotes cell division
phosphate
Allele
One or two of more alternative forms of a gene
Homologous Chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes (in a human's case, one maternal and one paternal)
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs line up in the center of the cell, recombination occurring between homologous chromosomes
Anaphase
Centromeres split and sister chromatids are separated
Cell cycle checkpoint that checks for the presence of unreplicated DNA at the end of G2 before the cell enters mitosis
DNA replication checkpoint
Genotype vs phenotype
Allelic combination; physical appearance
Centromere vs Centrosome
Centromere: Middle connector of the sister chromatids
Centrosome: Protein that produces spindle fibres
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate, but sister chromatids do not separate
Telophase
Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membrane forms
Cell cycle checkpoint that checks for damaged DNA before the cell enters S phase
DNA damage checkpoint
The genotypes observed after Mendel crossed his P generation of peas
100% Heterozygous (Rr)
Chiasmata
The junction formed when DNA is exchanged between the chromatids of homologous chromosomes
Telophase I and cytokinesis
Daughter cells are ready to move into prophase II
Cytokinesis
Daughter cells are separated by a membrane
p53 gene
A tumor suppressor (gene that encodes proteins whose normal activities inhibit cell division)
Alleles at different loci separate independently
Mendel's law of Independent Assortment