Organelle Functions
This organelle houses DNA within the cell and acts as the control center for the cell.
What is the nucleus?
This type of bulk transport allows water to passively diffuse across a membrane without the use of ATP.
What is osmosis?
Unlike plant cells, animal cells lack a cell wall. Instead, this structure maintains the shape of the cell.
What is the cytoskeleton?
The allele that causes sickle cell anemia reached a high frequency in some populations due to a heterozygote advantage in areas with this often-fatal infection.
What is malaria?
If red blood cells placed in a solution and they shrivel up, the solution must be _____tonic to the cell.
What is hypertonic?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell. Some of them are found in the cytoplasm, but many of them are bound to this organelle, where the proteins are folded.
What is the rough ER?
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of this type of transport requiring energy expenditure.
What is active transport?
Inside the nucleus, this small, spherical structure transcribes and processes ribosomal RNA, responsible for carrying out protein synthesis.
What is the nucleolus?
The action of these cells lining the lumen of fallopian tube are responsible for transporting an egg from the ovaries to the uterus
What are cilia?
Antarctic icefish have a high percentage of this type of fatty acid in their plasma membranes.
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
This organelle that lipids and detoxification is plentiful in liver cells, but when overloaded with toxins, its dysfunction can lead to fatty liver disease.
What is the smooth ER?
Facilitated diffusion requires the help of these proteins to allow molecules to cross the plasma membrane.
The most extensive system of rough ER, used to fold a peptide hormone called insulin, would be found in these cells.
What are pancreatic cells?
Hypercholesterolemia causes high levels of this steroid precursor in the blood due to dysfunctional LDL receptors on cell membranes.
What is cholesterol?
Carrot slices in a salt solution become limp, but in fresh water, they become stiff. The fresh water is _____tonic to carrot slices.
What is hypotonic?
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within this organelle.
What is the mitochondria?
Phagocytosis (cellular eating) and pinocytosis (cellular drinking) are both examples of this type of bulk transport.
What is endocytosis?
You isolate a cell that has no nucleus, only one type of organelle, and is 2 micrometers in size. The cell is most likely a bacterium, this type of organism.
What is a prokaryote?
A couple is told by their doctor that the reason why they cannot have children is that the sperm of the male lack motility because it does not have these structures responsible for propulsion.
What are microtubules?
Inclusion cell disease is caused by a malfunction of this organelle, which mistakenly sends proteins meant for the lysosome to the outside of the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Tay-Sachs disease results from the accumulation of fatty deposits within neurons, when normally they should be broken down by these organelles.
What are lysosomes?
Simple diffusion occurs when molecules move from a ______ concentration to a ______ concentration.
What is high to low?
Malformation of this cytoskeletal structures may be linked to an inability to contract muscle.
What are microfilaments (actin)?
Cystic fibrosis causes this type of transport protein to malfunction, preventing it from transporting chloride ions across the plasma membrane.
What is a hydrophilic channel protein?
The sodium-potassium pump generates a concentration gradient by transporting ________ ions into the cell and _______ ions out.
What are sodium ions in, potassium ions out?