Scientific Method
The method to explore how the world functions.
Scientific method
The independent or experimental variable is placed on this axis.
X-axis
Genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
Variations of genes.
All organisms of the same species that live and interbreed in the same geographical area.
Population
First step of the scientific method.
Make observations
An experiment where you measure without altering the study subject.
Observational experiment
Observable characteristics or traits of an organism (determined by protein expression).
Phenotype
Alleles that exert their effects whenever they are present.
Dominant alleles
The change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
Evolution
A tentative causal explanation based on observations or prior knowledge.
Hypothesis
An experiment where you manipulate something.
Controlled experiment
Change in a cell's DNA sequence.
Mutation
One allele product is expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote and the other is not.
Complete dominance
Reproductive success including surviving and reproducing.
Fitness
Type of data where observations or measurements can be reproduced.
Empirical data
A three-nucleotide sequence that encodes one amino acid.
Codon
Show gamete and zygote formation.
Punnett squares
Disaster drastically reduces the size of a population.
Population bottleneck
A hypothesis that has no statistical difference (no relationship between the two variables).
Null hypothesis
The group that is used for comparison in a controlled experiment.
Control group
Changes in codons that do not change the amino acids.
Synonymous
Both allele products are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
Codominance
When only a few individuals establish a new population and the allele frequency might change.
Founder effect