Structure/Bonding
What is the charge of a neutron?
a. positive
b. negative
c. neutral
d. doubly positive
c. neutral
What functional group is characteristic of alcohols?
a. carboxyl
b. hydroxyl
c. amino
d. sulfhydryl
b. hydroxyl
Which structure is found in all cells?
a. nucleus
b. plasma membrane
c. mitochondria
d. chloroplast
b. plasma membrane
What is the overall goal of metabolism?
a) Store genetic information
b) Catalyze chemical reactions
c) Manage energy and material resources
d) Create new cells
c. manage energy and material resources
The final electron acceptor in cellular respiration is:
a) CO₂
b) NAD⁺
c) Oxygen
d) Water
c. oxygen
What type of bond is responsible for water's surface tension?
a. covalent
b. ionic
c. hydrogen
d. van der waals
c. hydrogen
What kind of isomers are aldose and ketose?
Aldose has a carbonyl group at the end; ketose has it in the middle.
Structural isomers
What major event led to mitochondria according to endosymbiotic theory?
Engulfment of an aerobic prokaryote by a host cell. AKA Endosymbiont theory
Enzymes speed up reactions by:
a) Increasing temperature
b) Increasing activation energy
c) Decreasing activation energy
d) Breaking bonds directly
c. decreasing activation energy
The purpose of fermentation is to:
regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis when oxygen is absent
Hydrophobic substances are typically:
a. polar
b. nonpolar
c. ionic
d. amphipathic
b. nonpolar
Which part of an amino acid varies to create 20 different amino acids?
a. amino group
b. carboxyl group
c. r-group (side chain)
d. Hydrogen atom
c. r-group (side chain)
What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
a) Presence of DNA
b) Membrane-bound organelles
c) Ribosomes
d) Cytoplasm
b. membrane bound organelles
Draw a graph that indicates an exothermic reaction took place.
The reactants will start high and end low indicating loss of energy
In photosynthesis, the cyclic pathway produces:
a) Oxygen
b) ATP
c) NADPH
d) Glucose
Which of the following properties of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with little temperature change?
a) Cohesion
b) Adhesion
c) High specific heat
d) Surface tension
c. high specific heat
Which functional group acts as a base by accepting H+ ions?
a. carboxyl
b. amino
c. phosphate
d. methyl
b. amino
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:
a) Gain water
b) Lose water
c) Remain the same
d) Burst
b. lose water
In oxidation-reduction reactions, oxidation involves:
a) Gain of electrons
b) Loss of electrons
c) Gain of protons
d) Gain of neutrons
b. loss of electrons
The main product of glycolysis is:
a) CO₂
b) Pyruvate
c) Acetyl-CoA
d) Ethanol
b. Pyruvate
Phosphate groups are most commonly found in:
a. proteins
b. lipids
c. nucleotides
d. sugars
c. nucleotides