Definitions
a compromise between traits
what is a fitness trade-off?
the process by which heritable variation in certain traits leads to differential reproductive success?
what is Natural Selection?
random errors that can occur when DNA is copied
what are mutations?
favours one extreme
what is Directional Selection?
do individuals evolve?
what is NO!!
different versions of a gene
what is an allele?
first proposed every organism was a reflection of a "perfect essence"/type that was unchanging? (typological thinking)
who was Plato?
mating between related individuals
(yikes)
what is inbreeding?
favours the middle trait
what is Stabilizing Selection?
similarity due to convergent evolution
what is homoplasy/analogy?
traits in fossils intermediate between ancestral and derived species
what are transitional features?
first proposed the "Great Chain of Being" or "Scala Naturae", and had typological thinking
who was Aristotle?
movement of alleles between populations
what is gene flow?
favours BOTH extremes
what is Disruptive Selection?
reduced or incompletely developed structure that have no or reduced function but are clearly related to functioning structures in other species
what are vestigial traits?
similarity in adult morphology
what is structural homology?
proposed change through time via species progressing UP the hierarchy (scale of nature)?
who was Jean Baptiste Lamarck?
occurs when individuals within a population differ in their ability to attract mates
what is sexual selection?
human baby size is an example of this
what is Stabilizing Selection?
a null hypothesis for evolution
what is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
when an individual's phenotype changes, but the genotype remains unchanged. therefore, changes are not heritable.
what is acclimatization?
the two people who first proposed change through time + common ancestry
(full names of BOTH for the full 500 pts)
who were Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace?
the two types of genetic drift
(name BOTH for the full 500 pts)
what are the Founder Effect and Genetic Bottleneck?
the mode of selection in which genetic variation is maintained
what is Balancing Selection?
uses radioactive decay of certain isotopes to estimate time since death
what is radiometric dating?