DNA Replication
Why is DNA replication semiconservative?
It keeps one old strand and makes one new strand in replication.
What is transcription?
DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus
What is translation?
mRNA codes for amino acids to make a protein
This type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Silent mutation
What enzyme adds RNA primers to DNA?
Primase
How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine and guanine together?
3 bonds
Explain the function of alternative splicing.
When the cell can make more than one protein using a single gene.
When and where does tRNA read mRNA in translation to create an amino acid?
Elongation; Ribosome, P - site
What mutation would occur if a nucleotide was added to a DNA sequence?
Frameshift mutation
What enzyme connects Okazaki fragments together?
DNA Ligase
Where does DNA helicase unzip to create a replication bubble?
Origin of replication
Compare and contrast introns vs. exons.
introns - intervene/spiced out; exons - code for proteins
What amino acid does tRNA bring when the mRNA codon is AUG.
Met - start codon
What mutation changes one amino acid?
Missense mutation
What bonds are broken by DNA Helicase?
Hydrogen bonds
What enzyme adds new nucleotides and what end of the DNA strand will it be added to?
DNA Polymerase III; 3' end
What would happen if there was a mutation in repressor proteins?
rate of transcription would increase/increased protein production
What is the anticodon of the DNA sequence TGA?
DNA - TGA, mRNA - ACU, anticodon - UGA
Describe a mutation.
Changes to the DNA or mRNA of a gene that is being used to build a protein.
What enzyme functions before DNA Ligase?
DNA Polymerase I
How would you identify the leading strand in a replication bubble?
template - 5' towards fork OR new - 3' towards fork
Explain the initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription.
I - RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA, E - pre-mRNA grows, T - mRNA is released from DNA
Name and describe the function of each of the tRNA binding sites.
A site - tRNA brings amino acids, P site - polypeptide grows, E site - protein exits ribosome
What are the types of point mutations?
This enzyme is involved with transcription factor proteins.
RNA Polymerase