Vitamins
What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
What is similar between saturated fats and trans fats?
Both tend to be solid at room temperature and should be limited in our diet.
What are the 3 main parts of an amino acid?
Amino group, side chain, acid (carboxyl) group
What is ethanol?
The only "safe" form of alcohol to consume.
What are the effects of alcohol on protein?
Alcohol leads to protein degradation also known as protein breakdown
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
The B vitamins and Vitamin C!
The 4 parts of a triglycercide are what?
Glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids
How many amino acids are linked together to form a protein? What is the name of the bond formed between amino acids in a protein? What determines a proteins shape?
At least 100, peptide bond, the sequence of amino acids determines the shape which determines the function.
What is meant by the term "one standard drink" specifically
12 oz of beer- 5 oz of ethanol
1.5 ounce shot of liquor- 0.5 oz of ethanol
5 oz glass of wine- 0.5 oz of ethanol
When does the body primarily rely on fats for energy? What about protein? Carbs?
At rest, only under extreme conditions (fasting/intense exercise), activities involving muscular power
With vitamins, there are certain characteristics of the vitamins themselves or behaviors that could lead to toxicity. What characteristic of a vitamin increases the likelihood of developing a toxicity? What main behavior did we discuss that can lead to toxicity?
Vitamin characteristic would be a fat soluble since we store those to a greater extent so there could be a build up of toxicity.
Main behavior is taking supplements without following the supplement suggestions or taking vitamins that have not been verified
What is the name of the molecule that is made in the small intestinal cells takes fats to the lymph system? What is it mostly made of?
If I am going to consume 80 proof liquor, what % alcohol by volume is that?
40%!
What was the specific role of leptin in the body?
Leptin is an adipokine that tells the brain we are full. If we do not have it, we will continue to eat!
What are free radicals and what do they do to the body? Name 2 vitamins that act to stop free radicals
Free radicals are molecules generated from normal metabolism that can damage parts of cells, proteins and DNA.
Some antioxidants are: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, what are the guidelines for physical activity per week?
150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic exercise
What two factors make up protein quality? Follow up question for each factor
Digestibility and AA profile.
What is ethanol broken down and converted to?
EtOH---> acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase --->CO2 and H20
What activity leads to the browning of adipose tissue and what is one positive effect of adipose tissue browning?
Exercise!
Benefits: increased insulin sensitivity, lower blood glucose, increased metabolism, etc.
Name 2 vitamins that are directly involved in healthy red blood cells and/or blood function?
Vitamins E, Vitamin K, B12 (Cobalamin), B6 (Pyridoxine), Folate (B9),
What is the function of LDL? What three lifestyle/diet choices can we make to reduce LDL?
LDL deposits cholesterol in the arteries. Reducing saturated fats, reducing trans fats, and exercise
Starting with DNA, walk through the process of protein synthesis on the board
DNA- mRNA- leaves nucleus goes to ribosome- tRNA brings in amino acids- reads mRNA code- peptide bonds are formed between amino acids- continues until protein is made
What specific hormones are influenced by alcohol and what happens to them?
estrogen goes up, testosterone goes down,
What is the most consumed fruit around the world?
Mango!