General
What are nutrients?
Components of food that are essential for growth and maintenance of life
How many calories in 1 gram of fat, protein, and carbs?
9, 4, 4
What are the three key principles for healthy eating?
What is an example of mechanical digestion?
Chewing
Where does almost all absorption occur?
The small intestine
What is a diet?
Types of food that someone typically consumes
What percentage of our daily calories should come from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
45-65%, 10-35%, 20-35%
The DRI's are based on the latest scientific research.
Chewed food leaving the mouth is called what?
A bolus
Where do nutrients go after they have been absorbed in the small intestine?
Into the bloodstream for all water-soluble nutrients
What is the most essential nutrient?
Water
Macronutrients contain energy and need to be consumed in larger amounts
How do caloric requirements change as your age?
Typically, caloric requirements decrease with age.
Partially digested food and digestive juices is called what
Chyme
Where do fat soluble nutrients go after absorption?
Lymphatic system
When should supplements be added to the diet?
If nutrients are being underconsumed in someone's typical diet, but start with trying to get nutrients in the diet first.
What micronutrient is very overconsumed in the US?
Sodium
How often are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans updated?
Every 5 years
What compound is produced by the liver and is required for breaking down fat?
Bile
What is the importance of villi and microvilli?
They both work to expand the surface area of the small intestine
What were the three rich sources of most nutrients?
Whole grains, fruits, vegetables
Which macronutrient contains nitrogen?
Protein
When looking at the Daily Values on a nutrition facts panel, what is considered a high DV and what is considered low?
High- 20% or more
Low- 5% or less
What is secreted to stop HCl from tearing apart the small intestine? Where does that come from?
Bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas
How do enzymes work?
They speed up chemical reactions but are not broken down in the process