Evolution, Themes of Biology, Scientific Inquiry
The process in which individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals.
What is natural selection?
The atomic number tells us what about an atom.
What is the number of protons and electrons?
The difference between cohesion and adhesion.
What is: cohesion holds water molecules together, while adhesion holds water molecules together with other substances?
The reason why carbon is such a versatile element.
What is: carbon had 4 valence electrons, so it is able to form 4 covalent bonds with a variety of atoms?
This condensation reaction produces polymers.
What are dehydration reactions?
The difference between inductive versus deductive reasoning.
What is: inductive reasoning: using specific observations to make generalized observations, deductive: use general premises to make specific predictions
Relatively weak interactions between close-together molecules due to their uneven charge distribution.
What are Van der Waals interactions?
The effects of acids and bases on H+ ion concentration of a solution.
What is: acids increase the H+ concentration, while bases decrease the H+ concentration?
When drugs (such as ibuprofen or albuterol) have two forms, only one of which is biologically active, they are considered this.
What are enantiomers?
This type of bond can be found between fatty acid tails of unsaturated fats.
What are double bonds?
The flow of energy can be described as _______?
What is cyclical?
Elements required by organisms in minute quantities.
What are trace elements? (ex: boron, iodine, copper, fluorine, iron, manganese, silicon, tin, zinc, etc.)
These types of bonds connect oxygen and hydrogen within water molecules, and these types of bonds connect water molecules to other water molecules.
What are polar covalent bonds (within water molecules) and hydrogen bonds (between water molecules)?
The four ways in which carbon-containing molecules are diverse.
What are length, branching, double bond position, and the presence of rings?
RNA contains these four base pairs.
What are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine?
The kingdoms that fall under the domain Eukarya.
What is Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protists?
The strongest bond in organisms.
What is a covalent bond? (technically polar covalent)
Lemonade is made in a pitcher with water, lemon juice, and sugar.
Identify the solute(s).
What are lemon juice and sugar?
The difference between cis and trans isomers.
What is: the functional groups of cis isomers are arranged on the same side of a double bond, while the functional groups of trans isomers are on opposite sides?
The altering of a protein's shape and biological activity.
What is denaturation?
_______ is the word that describes energy's tendency to go towards randomness.
What is entropy?
The role of valence electrons.
What are electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical behavior of atoms/number of bonds they can form?
The change in H+ concentration from a solution of pH 5 to a solution of pH 8.
What is 1,000x fewer hydrogen ions?
The two functional groups that are found in all amino acids.
What is an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)?
Chemically the reason estradiol is different from testosterone.
What is the location of the chemical groups attached to the carbon skeleton?