Exam #1
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral
What are the three parts to cell theory?
1) All organisms are made of cells.
2) All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
3) The cell is the most basic unit of life.
When a molecule is reduced is it gaining or losing electrons?
Gaining electrons
What is a somatic cell?
Any cell that is not Sperm or egg (ova).
What does the nucleus do?
Holds genetic material, control center of the cell.
What two subatomic particles make up an atoms mass?
What is a concentration gradient?
A difference in concentration from one side of a membrane to another.
What does ATP Synthase do?
It produces ATP
What is interphase?
The time in the cell cycle that the cell gets ready to divide.
What does it mean if a molecule is polar?
One side has a partial negative charge, and one side has a partial positive charge. Opposite poles.
What biomolecule are enzymes made out of?
Proteins
What's the difference between the Rough ER and the Smooth ER?
Rough ER - Modifies proteins
Smooth ER - Modifies and produces lipids
Where in the chloroplast does photosynthesis happen?
The thylakoid membranes
What does yeast produce after fermentation? What about humans?
Ethanol, lactic acid
What are the 6 kingdoms of biology?
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated - Solid at room temperature. "Saturated" in hydrogen.
Unsaturated - Liquid at room temperature. Double bond forms kink making it "unsaturated" in hydrogen.
What is an Integral Protein? What is a Peripheral Protein?
Integral - Protein that goes through both layers of the cell membrane
Peripheral - Protein that is only on one side of the cell membrane
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
To pump hydrogen atoms against their concentration gradient so that they can flow through ATP Synthase.
What role does the histone protein have within DNA?
It holds DNA tightly wrapped around it. Provides the structural support for a chromosome.
What happens in the S-phase of interphase?
The DNA is synthesized
How many Protons, Neutrons, and Valence Electrons are found in Sodium?
Protons - 11
Neutrons - 12
Valence Electrons - 1
Define Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Endocytosis.
Phagocytosis - Cell eats big thing (Cell eating)
Pinocytosis - Cell eats small thing (Cell drinking)
Endocytosis - Bringing something into the cell
What is the difference between Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle/Dark Reactions?
Light Reactions - Produces ATP and NADPH
Calvin Cycle/Dark Reactions - Produces Sugars
If a red blood cell is placed in salt water and it shrinks, what is the tonicity of the saltwater in relation to the red blood cell?
The saltwater is hypertonic to the red blood cell.
What are the steps of Meiosis in order?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis