Proteins
Cell Structures
Cell Structures II
Membranes & Transport
Membranes & Transport II
100
These are the covalent bonds between amino acids.
What are peptide bonds?
100
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
a) chloroplast
b) nuclear envelope
c) endoplasmic reticulum
d) plasma membrane
a) chloroplast
100
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
a) plasma membrane
b) a ribosome
c) a microtubule
d) the endomembrane system
a) plasma membrane
100
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?
a) a large, nonpolar molecule
b) a large, polar molecule
c) dissolved gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide
d) a small, nonpolar molecule
b) a large, polar molecule
100
This is the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
200
This is the term for when a protein loses its functionality.
What is denatured?
200
Which of the following structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
a) ribosomes, nucleus, and plasma membrane
b) mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
c) ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
d) nucleus, plasma membrane, and ribosomes
c) ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
200
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
a) central vacuole
b) chloroplast
c) centriole
d) mitochondria
d) mitochondria
200
Which of the following is FALSE in regard to facilitated diffusion?
a) Facilitated diffusion can occur through protein channels.
b) Facilitated diffusion requires a concentration gradient.
c) Facilitated diffusion can move ions across membranes.
d) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP.
d) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP.
200
What type of diffusion moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires an input of energy?
a) passive transport
b) facilitated diffusion
c) passive diffusion
d) simple diffusion
e) none of the above are correct
e) none of the above are correct
300
Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein from threats while it is folding into its functional form?
a) receptor proteins
b) chaperonins
c) antibodies
d) enzymes
e) fibrous proteins
b) chaperonins
300
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) breakdown of complex foods
b) structural support of cells
c) energy processing
d) manufacturing
d) manufacturing
300
A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________.
a) An animal cell
b) a bacterium
c) a photosynthetic protist or plant cell
d) a yeast (fungus) cell
c) a photosynthetic protist or plant cell
300
The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true?
a) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the behavior of phospholipids, and the mosaic aspect is due to the presence of carbohydrates.
b) Only phospholipids are capable of moving in the membrane.
c) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to how phospholipids move/rotate, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.
d) The fluid aspect of the membrane describes its structure at normal temperatures, and the mosaic aspect describes the membrane at lower temperatures.
c) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to how phospholipids move/rotate, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.
300
An animal cell would shrivel if placed in a solution with this type of tonicity.
What is hypertonic?
400
The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the:
a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) quaternary
e) All levels are equally affected.
a) primary
400
Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria?
a) bacterial cells that are growing on sugars
b) muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
c) photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree
d) inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use
b) muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
400
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
a) Membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
b) The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores
c) Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
d) None of the above.
c) Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
400
Which of the following correctly describes a general property of all electrogenic pumps?
a) Electrogenic pumps result in a cell with a high internal concentration of protons.
b) Electrogenic pumps result in a cell with an interior that is positively charged relative to the outside of the cell.
c) Electrogenic pumps create a voltage difference across the membrane.
d) None of the above are correct.
c) Electrogenic pumps create a voltage difference across the membrane.
400
True / False: Plant cells will burst if placed into a hypotonic solution.
False.
500
Is the above amino acid polar, nonpolar, or charged?
What is nonpolar?
500
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
a) ER → Golgi → nucleus
b) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
c) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
d) Golgi → ER → lysosome
c) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
500
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
a) Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
b) Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules.
c) Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
d) Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.
a) Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
500
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a membrane transport process to its primary function?
a) pinocytosis: the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane
b) osmosis: passive diffusion of water and small solutes across a membrane
c) phagocytosis: secretion of large particles from the cell by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
d) None of the above are correct.
a) pinocytosis: the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane
500
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the baby's digestive tract via which process?
a) exocytosis
b) osmosis
c) passive transport
d) endocytosis
d) endocytosis