Cell Structures
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
a) chloroplast
b) nuclear envelope
c) endoplasmic reticulum
d) plasma membrane
a) chloroplast
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
a) plasma membrane
b) a ribosome
c) a microtubule
d) the endomembrane system
a) plasma membrane
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?
a) a large, nonpolar molecule
b) a large, polar molecule
c) dissolved gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide
d) a small, nonpolar molecule
b) a large, polar molecule
This is the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This is the First Law of Thermodynamics.
What is, "Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed"?
Eating and digesting food is an example of this type of reaction.
Exergonic / catabolic.
Which of the following structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
a) ribosomes, nucleus, and plasma membrane
b) mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
c) ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
d) nucleus, plasma membrane, and ribosomes
c) ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
a) central vacuole
b) chloroplast
c) centriole
d) mitochondria
d) mitochondria
Which of the following is FALSE in regard to facilitated diffusion?
a) Facilitated diffusion can occur through protein channels.
b) Facilitated diffusion requires a concentration gradient.
c) Facilitated diffusion can move ions across membranes.
d) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP.
d) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP.
What type of diffusion moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires an input of energy?
a) passive transport
b) facilitated diffusion
c) passive diffusion
d) simple diffusion
e) none of the above are correct
e) none of the above are correct
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as _______ is to _______.
A) work ; energy
B) free energy ; entropy
C) exergonic ; endergonic
D) entropy ; enthalpy
C) exergonic ; endergonic
If the △G of a chemical reaction is positive, that means it is a ________ reaction.
a) Exergonic
b) Endergonic
c) Endothermic
d) Spontaneous
b) Endergonic
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) breakdown of complex foods
b) structural support of cells
c) energy processing
d) manufacturing
d) manufacturing
A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________.
a) An animal cell
b) a bacterium
c) a photosynthetic protist or plant cell
d) a yeast (fungus) cell
c) a photosynthetic protist or plant cell
The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true?
a) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the behavior of phospholipids, and the mosaic aspect is due to the presence of carbohydrates.
b) Only phospholipids are capable of moving in the membrane.
c) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to how phospholipids move/rotate, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.
d) The fluid aspect of the membrane describes its structure at normal temperatures, and the mosaic aspect describes the membrane at lower temperatures.
c) The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to how phospholipids move/rotate, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.
An animal cell would shrivel if placed in a solution with this type of tonicity.
What is hypertonic?
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following is true?
A) Energy conversions increase order in the universe.
B) All reactions produce heat.
C) The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.
D) The entropy of the universe is constantly increasing.
D) The entropy of the universe is constantly increasing.
Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways?
a) They do not depend on enzymes.
b) They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions.
c) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
d) They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.
c) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria?
a) bacterial cells that are growing on sugars
b) muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
c) photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree
d) inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use
b) muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
a) Membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
b) The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores
c) Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
d) None of the above.
c) Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Which of the following correctly describes a general property of all electrogenic pumps?
a) Electrogenic pumps result in a cell with a high internal concentration of protons.
b) Electrogenic pumps result in a cell with an interior that is positively charged relative to the outside of the cell.
c) Electrogenic pumps create a voltage difference across the membrane.
d) None of the above are correct.
c) Electrogenic pumps create a voltage difference across the membrane.
True / False: Plant cells will burst if placed into a hypotonic solution.
False.
Which of the following about enzymes is / are true?
A) Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier for the reaction.
B) The more heat added to a reaction, the faster enzymes will function.
C) Enzymes form chemical bonds with their substrate, which then irreversibly alters the enzyme.
D) All of the above are correct.
A) Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier for the reaction.
Which of the following is an example of potential energy, rather than kinetic energy?
a) Water rushing over Niagara falls
b) A molecule of Glucose
c) A crawling beetle foraging for food
d) An arrow fired from a bow
b) A molecule of Glucose
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
a) ER → Golgi → nucleus
b) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
c) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
d) Golgi → ER → lysosome
c) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
a) Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
b) Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules.
c) Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
d) Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.
a) Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a membrane transport process to its primary function?
a) pinocytosis: the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane
b) osmosis: passive diffusion of water and small solutes across a membrane
c) phagocytosis: secretion of large particles from the cell by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
d) None of the above are correct.
a) pinocytosis: the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the baby's digestive tract via which process?
a) exocytosis
b) osmosis
c) passive transport
d) endocytosis
d) endocytosis
What is meant by the "induced fit" of an enzyme?
A) The shape of the active site is nearly perfect for binding the enzyme's substrate.
B) The enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it.
C) The enzyme structure is altered so it can fit many different types of substrate.
D) The substrate is altered so that it can fit into the enzyme's active site.
B) The enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it.
How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
a) by binding at the active site of the enzyme
b) by changing the free energy change of the reaction
c) by acting as a coenzyme for the reaction
d) by changing the shape of the enzyme
e) None of the above
d) by changing the shape of the enzyme