Cells
Two aerobic and photosynthetic prokaryotes that were eaten, but not digested.
What are the mitochondria and chloroplasts? (Endosymbiotic theory)
A channel protein that helps the cell receive water.
What is an aquaporin?
What is the net movement of molecules in diffusion?
What is high to low?
Enzymes functions best in...
What is an optimal temperature and optimal pH?
3 parts of ATP.
What are the Adenine base, Ribose sugar, and 3 phosphates?
Cell wall composition for plants, fungi, and bacteria.
What are cellulose (plant), chitin (fungi), and peptidoglycan (bacteria)?
Name the 6 different membrane proteins.
What are the channel, carrier, cell recognition, receptor, enzyme, and junction proteins?
Molecules that can pass into the cell by diffusion.
What are small, non-polar, uncharged molecules?
Molecules that binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme.
What are non-competitive inhibitors?
Cellular respiration chemical formula.
What is C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy?
The purpose of the receiving and shipping sides of the Golgi Apparatus.
What is the cis-side that receives vesicles/products from the ER to prepare them for modification/sorting? What is the trans-side that sends vesicles to their destinations (cytoplasm, membrane, ECM)?
A requirement for a Sodium-Potassium pump to pass Na+ or K+ ions into/out of the cell.
What is ATP binding to the carrier protein?
Define: lysis, crenation, turgid, plasmolysis, flaccid.
What is... lysis: animal cell that has too much water, crenation: animal cell that doesn't have enough water, turgid: plant cell that has water and excess water stored in the central vacuole, flaccid: plant cell that has no excess water in the central vacuole, plasmolysis: plant cell that doesn't have enough water.
Ways enzymes lower EA.
What are: Bringing substrates together in a particular orientation so that they will react/weakening a covalent bond within a substrate?
A series of carrier proteins found in membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts. (The release of energy builds ATP)
What is an ETC?
The proteins and lipids that the ER synthesizes.
What are (RER) membrane proteins, enzymes, antibodies, hormones? What are (SER) fats, oils, steroids?
Series of events after a signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein.
What is this: Relay proteins activate a protein (structural protein, enzyme, gene regulatory protein) > Cellular response will either alter cell shape/movement, alter cell metabolism/function, or alter gene expression/amount of a cell protein)
Name the 3 transports and how they differ.
What is passive transport (movement down, no ATP), active transport ( movement against, ATP + carrier protein), and bulk transport (movement of large molecules or substances, ATP + vesicle/membrane)?
Name poisons that permanently inhibit an enzyme.
What are cyanides, penicillin, heavy metals, and nerve gas?
Oxidization vs Reduction
What are molecules that lose electrons and energy (Oxidize) and molecules that gain electrons and energy (Reduce)?
Name the 3 types of filament and their function.
What are Actin Filaments (Microfilament) that assist in muscle contraction and movement, Intermediate filaments that provide cell strength and anchor organelles, and Microtubules that move vesicles/organelles/cells?
Way a protein might help endocytosis.
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis that forms vesicles to transport particles into the cell?
5 Examples of molecules that need to pass through the membrane with the help of a protein.
What are examples of charged polar molecules, macromolecules, ions, polar organic molecules?
Draw a graph representing a reaction without and with an enzyme?
Free energy (y), Time/progress (x), EA difference, Change in free energy labeled, labeled the products and reactants.
4 steps of Cellular Respiration.
What are 1. glycolysis, 2. transition/prep reaction/pyruvate oxidation, 3. krebs/citric acid cycle, and 4. ETC/chemisosmosis?