History of Life on Earth
Evolution
Speciation
Population Evolution & Genetics
Random & Phylogeny
100
The early atmosphere on Earth is thought to have lacked which of the following gases?
a.Oxygen
b. hydrogen
c. Nitrogen
What is Oxygen?
100
The fins of a shark and the fins of a dolphin are analogous structures that look similar and perform the same functions. What type of evolution is this an example of?
What is Convergent Evolution?
100
Canada lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) and grassleaf lettuce (Lactuca graminifolia) are two species of plants found in the southeastern United States. Canada lettuce flowers bloom in the summer, and grassleaf lettuce blooms in the early spring, meaning they rarely hybridize.
What is temporal isolation (prezygotic barrier)?
100
The Grand Canyon separated a population of squirrels, leading to the formation of new species, this depict:
a.Behavioral isolation
b. Mechanical isolation
c.Temporal isolation
d.Allopatric speciation
What is d.Allopatric speciation?
100
What is a group of species consisting of the most recent common ancestor
and all of its descendants?
a.Polyphyletic group
b.Monophyletic group
c.Paraphyletic group
d.Plesiomorphy
What is a b.monophyletic group?
200
What is the first information-storing molecule?
a.DNA
b.Proteins
c.RNA
d.None of the above
What is c.RNA?
200
What is the mechanism of evolution?
a.Artificial selection
b.Natural selection
c.Analogous structure
d.Homologous
What is Natural Selection?
200
On the formation of the Arizona Grand Canyon, small mammals, like squirrels, that were once part of the same population could no longer communicate and interbreed with each other due to the barrier. Now, two distinct types of squirrels live on the north and south edges of the canyon. This is an example of:
What is Allopatric Speciation?
200
Name the 4 parts of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium, When these apply to a population what is not occurring.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium: 1) indefinitely large population, 2) random mating, 3) no mutations, 4) no migration, and 5) no selective pressure -
200
A clutch size that is too big or small is unfavorable. This refers to which kind of selection?
a.Directional
b.Disruptive
c.Balancing
d.Stabilizing
What is d. Stabilizing?
200
What is NOT one of the Three primary requirements for life?
a. Separation through the enclosure in Membranes to form cells
b. The use of energy for growth & reproduction
c.The requirement of oxygen for growth and reproduction
d.The ability to reproduce and replicate hereditary information
what is The requirement of Oxygen for growth and reproduction?
200
How does our understanding of genetics today refute Lamarck's principle of the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
A)Experiments in genetics show that traits acquired during an individual's lifetime are not inherited in the way proposed by Lamarck.
B)Parts of the body that are not used will deteriorate over time.
C)Experiments in genetics show that traits acquired during an individual's lifetime are inherited in the way proposed by Lamarck.
D)All organisms are perfect and permanent
E)All of the listed responses are correct.
F)stronger and be passed to offspring.
What is C)Experiments in genetics show that traits acquired during an individual's lifetime are inherited in the way proposed by Lamarck?
200
Black rabbits (BB) and white rabbits (bb) are both able to survive because they can camouflage into the white and black rocks in their environment. However, the intermediate gray rabbits (Bb) do not survive. This results in only white and black rabbits.
What is diversifying selection?
200
A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is 0.35 What is the frequency of the B allele?
a.0.59
b.0.41
c.0.09
d.0.04
What is (a.0.59)?
200
How does gene flow affect the gene pool of a given populations?
a. Gene flow increases the genetic distance between populations.
b. Gene flow decreases the genetic distance between populations.
c. Gene flow decreases the genetic variation within a population.
d. Gene flow increases the genetic variation within a population.
e. Gene flow results in the loss of genetic variation in a population.
What is (b. Gene flow decreases the genetic distance between populations)?
300
What evidence most strongly suggests that an impact by an asteroid or meteorite may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
What is a layer of iridium?
(sedimentary rocks contain a layer of iridium, a mineral uncommon on earth)
300
The long snouts and tongues found in both giant anteaters and echidna are called ___ structures.
a.Homologous structures
b.Analogous structures
c.Vestigial structures
d.None of the above
What is (b.Analogous Structures)?
300
A population of Madagascar hissing cockroaches lives in a woodpile. The cockroaches are eaten by lizards. Because the lizards have small heads, the lizards are unable to eat the very largest adult cockroaches and instead prey upon small and medium-sized adults. Over time, only the large-headed lizards survive. This is an example of:
What is directional selection?
300
Male side-botched lizards have three throat-color patterns. Each form has different reproductive Strategies, causing a cycle of phenotypes. What type of selection is this an example of?
What is Frequency-dependent Selection?
300
According to this cladogram, tigers are more closely related to snow leopards than to jaguars. Which of the following statements provides the best justification for this relationship?
a.The branch of the cladogram with tigers is closer to the branch with snow leopards than to the branch with jaguars
b.Tigers share a common ancestor with snow leopards but not with jaguars
c.Both tigers and snow leopards are more closely related to the outgroup than jaguars are
d.Tigers share a more recent common ancestor with snow leopards than with jaguars
What is d.Tigers share a more recent common ancestor with snow leopards than with jaguars?
300
Name the 4 problems to solve on the origins of life:
1. How did organic molecules that define life originate
2. How were macromolecules assembled?
3. How were macromolecules able to reproduce themselves?
4. How were these macromolecules able to assemble into a system separate from their surroundings?
300
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?
A)There is heritable variation among individuals.
B)Only a fraction of an individual's offspring may survive.
C)Individuals whose characteristics are best suited to the environment generally leave more offspring than those whose characteristics are less well suited.
D)Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.
E)Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
What is E)Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring?
300
Defines hybrid zones?
What is area where two closely related species interact and interbreed
300
A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is .35 What is the frequency of the b allele?
a.0.59
b.0.41
c.0.09
What is (b.041)?
300
What is used to determine phylogeny?
- mutations
- DNA
- evolutionary history
- organisms on earth
What is c.evolutionary history?