Ecosystems and Labs
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors? Give an example of each.
Abiotic: Nonliving organisms (rocks, pure water, dirt, etc.)
Biotic: Living organisms (fish, grass, frog)
What is a CER?
Claim, evidence, reasoning
The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits
Molecule of water is made of what?
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
Give an example of an acid and what it's pH could be.
Citrus fruit, acid rain, vinegar
pH is <7
Which type of pH testing gets the most accurate results?
Vernier probe
Give an example of a CER using the following prompt:
Sally eats vegetables and feels good after eating them. However, when she eats ice cream, she gets a tummy ache. She also feels good when she eats fruits, but her stomach hurts when she drinks chocolate milk. Help Sally understand what foods she should eat.
Claim: Sally is lactose intolerant
Evidence: Sally gets a stomachache when she eats/drinks things with lactose in them.
Reasoning: When Sally eats things with lactose, she gets a stomachache. However, when she eats things like fruits and vegetables, she feels really good. Lactose is most likely causing her stomach to hurt. This means that Sally lactose intolerant.
What is the definition of an enzyme?
A substance that acts as a catalysts in living organisms.
What chemical represented stomach acid?
HCl
What causes algae blooms? Describe how algae blooms can overtake an ecosystem?
- Phosphorous
- Algae can suffocate other organisms out of an ecosystem because there is too much phosphorous.
What charcteristics of life are important for survival? Why?
Reproduction and response to environment
As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen also increases.
What is the difference between a controlled variable, independent variable, and dependent variable?
Control- constant and unchanged
Independent- what you change
Dependent- what you are testing that depends on independent
What is a solution, solvent, and solute? How is it different than a chemical compound?
Solution: all components are evenly distributed (salt water)
Solute: substance that is dissolved (like salt)
Solvent: substance in which the solute dissolves (like water)
No chemical reactions take place in a solution.
What does the carrying capacity of a population mean?
Carrying capacity is a species average population size in a particular habitat
What are disturbances that could be caused in our ecosystems? Are they good or bad? What are positive disturbances that occurs in the wild?
- Disturbances could be probes, adding water, adding organisms.
- They can be good or bad
- Fires can clear out unnecessary brush. Floods can bring in new nutrients. Insect outbreaks can give more food to organisms.
5 elements of a high-quality experimental design
1. Testability
2. Repeatability
3. Control Group
4. Isolated Variable
5. Gradient
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
It takes 10 mL of HCl to neutralize Antacid 1. It takes 40 mL of HCl to neutralize Antacid 2. It takes 4 mL of HCl to neutralize Antacid 3. Which antacid would you recommend and why?
Antacid 2 is the best because it has the highest amount of antacid neutralized.
Draw a chemical reaction and label the reactants vs products. How would you represent the bonds between atoms of the products? Use Na and Cl.
Na + Cl -> NaCl
reactant -> products
Na-Cl (dash is what represents the bond)
5 Characteristics of Life
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. All living things reproduce
3. All living things grow and develop
4. All living things obtain and use energy
5. All living things respond to the environment
5 Parts of a good hypothesis
1. Follows "If... then... because"
2. Makes sense and easy to understand
3. Can be falsified
4. Includes a cause and effect relationship
5. Tested with measurements
Metabolism, catabolism, anabolism definitions
Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions
Catabolism: breaks down food/nutrients
Anabolism: building of molecules for food/nutrients
5 characteristics that indicate a chemical reaction has occurred.
- Color change
- Gas evolution
- Formation of precipitate
- Change in temperature
- Change in energy
4 Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids