EXAM 1
From birth to puberty, the number of primary oocytes present in the ovaries ______.
Primary oocytes decrease between birth and puberty
The two bones in the forearm are:
Ulna & Radius
What controls atrial contraction?
SA Node
The ureter does what and how?
propels urine to the bladder through peristalsis.
Two parts of the vestibule
Utricle & Saccule
The main function of tight junctions is to _______.
Tight junctions make cells waterproof by creating a tight seal between cells on the lateral surface.
What is the purpose of titin?
Titin molecules anchor in the Z-disc and extend to the M-line region of the sarcomere. The majority of titin's I-band region functions as a molecular spring.
Type II pneumocytes secrete _______.
Type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant.
Name an immune cell that doesn't use pattern recognition receptors.
Natural killer cells
Damage to the larynx can cause (two functions)
loss of voice and solids/liquids entering the lower airway.
Glucocorticoids fall under which class of hormone?
Steriod
Horizontal cells release... when depolarized ?
GABA
The two backdoors in fetal cirulation
Foramen Ovalle & Ductus Arteriosus
How do the thin and thick arms differ in the loop of henle?
The thin descending arm is highly permeable to water and has aquaporins.
The thick ascending arm is highly permeable to salt and has three ion pumps.
The five taste chemical receptors:
Glucose, Genuine, Na+, H+, Glutamate/Amino Acid
An organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Name the five lobes in the cerebrum
Frontal, Parietal, Insula, Occipital & Temporal
Damage to the pecturalis alters what type of process?
Forced inspiration
Name the two hormones that are crucial for blood pressure regulation.
Aldosterone & ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
What controls the flow of chyme into the small intestines?
Pyloric sphincter
What is the role of HCG in the female reproductive system?
HCG signals the corpus luteum to continue to produce estrogen and progesterone.
What happens if the ATPase transmembrane protein of the sarcoplasm reticulum is destroyed in muscle fibers and why?
Relaxation of muscle cannot occur as there is no free energy provided by ATPase to pump calcium back into SR
You are a drop of blood in a vein leaving the liver. Which path correctly takes you to and through the heart?
vein in the liver -> inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary circulation (pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein) -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> systemic circulation
What are the steps that occur when natural killer cells kill their cellular targets?
Recognition and adhesion, realignment of the Golgi apparatus, secretion of perforin, lysis of abnormal cells
Name the four tonsils
Pharyngeal, Tubal, Palatine, Lingual