metabolism I
An animal cell with a cytoplasmic solute concentration equivalent to 0.9% NaCl is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl.
1) Into what type of solution has the cell been placed? (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic?)
2) Assuming the membrane is only permeable to water, predict the fate of the cell
1) hypertonic
2) it will shrivel
How does UV light damage DNA?
A) removes an NH2 group from Adenine
B) inserts between DNA strands, causing frameshifts
C) thymine dimers
D) forcing electrons out of orbit, creating ions
C
In horizontal gene transfer, a recipient cell that incorporates donor DNA in its genome is called:
A) competent
B) F(+)
C) recombinant
D) R factor
C
Pyruvate is reduced to an organic compound in fermentative pathways in order to generate ______ which feeds into glycolysis.
nad+
Of the 5 classifications regarding aerotolerance: this organism can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration .
facultative anaerobe
Endergonic reactions are often driven forward by coupling them to THIS exergonic reaction.
ATP hydrolysis
Select the true statement:
A) Nonsense mutations usually result in nonfunctional proteins.
B) Damage from UV light can be fixed by Photolyase.
C) Induced mutations have a higher mutation rate than spontaneous mutations.
D) all of the above
D
the protein involved in crossing over:
RecA
In this reaction of the Kreb's cycle Succinic acid + FAD --> Fumaric acid + FADH2 succinic acid is ________(reduced/oxidzed) to fumaric acid.
oxidized
Green sulfur bacteria use an inorganic source of carbon as a carbon source and sunlight as an energy source. How are they classified?
photoautotroph
Something is oxidized by:
A) gaining electrons
B) losing a bond to H
c) losing a bond to O
d) gaining a bond a less electronegative atom
B
Give an example of a wild-type and mutant DNA template sequence that both code for the amino acid Histidine.What do you call this type of mutation?
What is GTA, GTG? silent?
In Griffith's experiment, genetic material from __________ bacteria was taken up by __________ bacteria. a) heat-killed non-virulent, living virulent b) living virulent, heat-killed non-virulent c) heat-killed virulent, living non-virulent d) living non-virulent, living virulent
What is C?
What are the products of the Kreb's cycle?
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
4 CO2
1) THIS organism would grow throughout a fluid thioglycollate broth, but growth would be concentrated near the top
2) What is the maximum theoretical yield of ATP this organism can produce per glucose?
facultative anaerobe
38
ATCase is one of the enzymes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. CTP, which is a final product of the pathway, can bind to an allosteric site on the enzyme, rendering the active site nonfunctional. In this example, CTP is a__________inhibitor, and since CTP is a product of the pathway, this is an example of___________ inhibition.
non-competitive (allosteric), feedback
After performing an Ames test- If a plate has significantly more colonies on the experimental agar plate compared to the control, this supports the following statement:
A) the chemical is definitely a mutagen
B) the chemical is definitely a carcinogen
C) the chemical did not cause mutations in Salmonella
D) the media must have contained histidine
A
A cell in which the F plasmid is integrated into the chromosome is called a/an _________ strain. True or False: these strains can synthesize a sex pilus. Genetic transfer mediated by a sex pilus is called _________.
HFR? True? Conjugation?
The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are _________ (oxidized/reduced) at the electron transport chain. Electrons are passed from one carrier molecule to another, and this process is _________(exergonic/endergonic), allowing _____ to be pumped across the membrane. They flow down their gradient through the enzyme ___________.
oxidized. exergonic. H+. ATP synthase
Which statement is false:
a) photosynthesis results in the production of carbohydrates and oxygen.
b) reactive oxygen species cannot form in aerobic cells.
c) chemoheterotrophs use chemicals for energy and organic sources for carbon.
d) none of the above.
b