Musculoskeletal levers
The greatest force is closest to this
What is the fulcrum?
Bundle of muscle fibers
Strongest fiber pattern
What is a pennate fiber?
Muscle that holds a bone in place, allowing other muscles to move the bone and joint more effectively
What is a fixator?
Chemical messengers that give short, straight-forward commands to cells with specific receptors
What are ligands?
Rarest and strongest lever in the human body
What are class II levers?
Surrounds a fiber, surrounds a fascicle, surrounds a muscle
What are the endomysium, perimysium, epimysium?
5 fiber patterns
Parallel, convergent, pennate, circular, fusiform
Provides oxygen to muscles for ETC when making ATP
Go past the cellular membrane to bind to a receptor
What are lipid ligands that bind to intracellular receptors?
Levers have this in the middle
What are the fulcrum, weight, and muscle?
What is dense irregular connective tissue
6 things muscles are named after
What are general location, origin/insertion, function/action, size, shape, fiber pattern?
Sudden tension of a muscle hypothetically caused by not enough blood flow, nerve compression, or not enough minerals
What are cramps?
Three types of ion channels
What are non-gated, ligand-gated, and voltage-gated ion channels?
What are working at either a disadvantage or an advantage (class I), working at an advantage (class II), working at an disadvantage (class III)?
Draw the myofilaments and how they are organized
Sufficient drawing of myofilaments will receive points
Functions of fibers
What is being contractible, extensible, elastic, and excitable?
Progressive destruction of acetylcholine receptors on the motor end plate
What is Myasthenia gravis?
We pump stuff out so we can let it come back in. Causing a difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell
What are membrane potentials?
Examples for each class
What are the head on the spine, when on the toes, flexing of elbow?
Name big to small (muscle to filament)
What are the muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament, (myosin, actin, elastic), subunits/tails/heads?
3 examples of muscles that are named after origin or insertion
Ex: sternocleidomastoid, brachioradialis, coracobrachialis
A phenomenon in which repeated stimulation of a muscle fiber by a motor neuron results in muscle twitches with progressively greater tension
What is wave summation?
4 things ligands do with examples
What are speeding up and slowing down cell actions (Calcitonin and PTH), Make cells divide (growth factors), turn on or off specific genes (transcription factors), open or close CM doors (ACh)?