Heart Structures
Where would you find the most concentration of cardiac muscle cells?
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Pericardium
D. Parietal Pericardium
E. Fibrous Pericardium
B. Myocardium
The amount of blood left in the ventricles after each contraction
A. Stroke volume
B. End diastolic volume
C. End systolic volume
D. Cardiac output
C. end systolic volume
Autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells can contract on their own becasue they spontaneously depolarize
A. True
B. False
Blood is what type of tissue
A. Nervous
B. Fluid
C. Connective
D. Epithelial
E. Muscular
C. Connective
Platelets are small cells that are involved in blood clotting
A. True
B. False
Which chambers of the heart have musculi pectinaty? Select all that apply
A. Left Atrium
B. Right Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Left Ventricle
A. Left Atrium
B. Right Atrium
The bicuspid/mitral valve just desintigrated. This means that:
A. Blood will flow to the right ventricle freely
B. Blood will flow to the aorta freely
C. Blood will flow back to the left atrium
D. Blood will flow back to the right atrium
E. Your free trial at life is over
C. Blood will flow back to the left atrium
Which of the following represents ventricular depolarization & ventricular repolarization?
A. P wave & T wave
B. QRS & P wave
C. QRS & T wave
D. P wave & ST segment
C. QRS & T wave
How many molecules of heme does a hemoglobulin carry
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D. 4
You get an infection which is casuing you to make lots of leukocytes (I spell it with a K, fight me) cells. Your leukocytes would undergo:
A. Leukopenia
B. Leukocytosis
C. Leukemia
D. Diapedesis
B. Leukocytosis
Which layer is made up of connective tissue designed to provide more protection to the heart
A. Fibrous pericardium
B. Serous pericardium
C. Parietal pericardium
D. Visceral pericardium
A. Fibrous pericardium
Find the cardiac output if my stroke volume is 60 mL & my heart rate is 90 beats per minute
5400 mL
All of Ms. Jane's cardiac muscle cells have been contracting independently/at their own pace for one minute straight. Ms. Jane is most likely experiencing:
A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Premature ventricle contraction
D. Fibrillation
D. Fibrillation
You find blood at a crime scene. Which type of cell would be used to find the DNA of the sus dude
A. Red Blood Cell
B. Platelets
C. White Blood Cell
D. Plasma
C. White Blood Cell
What happens to red blood cells once they get too used up
A. Get destroyed
B. Will get recycled by macrophages
C. Will get recycled in the blood vessels
D. Amino acids will get recycled
B. Will get recycled by macrophages
You are in the UK & you get randomly stabbed. The knife cut the vessel(s) that bring oxygenated blood back to the heart. Which vessel(s) were cut?
A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Superior Vena Cava
D. Inferior Vena Cava
E. Pulmonary Veins
E. Pulmonary veins
What is being represented in the P wave, QRS, T wave & what is supposedly happening inside the heart?
P wave represents Atrial depolarization - the atria are contracting
QRS represents ventricular depolarization - the ventricles are contracting
T wave represents ventricular repolarization - the ventricles are relaxing
Cardiac muscle cells are composed of which of the following characteristics
A. Tight T-tubule SR connections
B. Loose T-tubule SR connections
C. Long cells with no branching
D. Huge mitochondria
E. Shorter cells that may branch
F. Intercalated Disks
G. Many mitochondria
H. No intercalated Disks
B. Loose T-tubule SR connections
D. Huge mitochondria
E. Shorter cells that may branch
F. Intercalated Disks
Explain how platelets will form a plug
A. Platelet attaches to fibrin-> fibrin changes shape -> fibrin spits out chemicals -> more fibrins attach
B. Platelet spits out chemicals -> Platelet changes shape -> Platelet attaches to collagen -> more platelets attach
C. Platelet attaches to collagen -> Platelet changes shape -> Platelet spits out chemicals -> more platelets attach
D. Platelet attaches to endothelium -> Platelet changes shape -> Platelet spits out chemicals -> more platelets attach
C. Platelet attaches to collagen -> Platelet changes shape -> Platelet spits out chemicals -> more platelets attach
When a platelet changes shape it becomes more active
The chemicals it spits out will activate other platelets, cause vascular spasm, & helps stick platelets to collagen
When an inactivated platelet attaches to an activated platelet, it turns that inactivated platelet into an active one
Name the part of the common pathway that Professor Aulner wants you to know:
A. Prothrombinase -> Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Fibrinogen -> fibrin -> fibrin clot
B. Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Prothrombinase -> Fibrinogen -> fibrin -> fibrin clot
C. Prothrombinase -> Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Fibrin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin clot
D. Whats a common pathway?
A. Prothrombinase -> Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Fibrinogen -> fibrin -> fibrin clot
Name the layers of the heart & all the chambers & great vessels
Start with the outermost layers first, then chambers, then valves, then vessels
Pericardium composed of fibrous & serous pericardium
Serous pericardium composed of parietal & visceral pericardium (epicardium)
Between the visceral & parietal pericardium there is the pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid
Chambers:
Right & left atria
Right & left ventricle
Valves:
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Mitral/Bicuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Vessels:
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Superior & inferior vena cava
Tell me that whole pathway of a red blood cell that starts in the left ventricle.
Include (Chambers, Valves, Vessels)
Left ventricle to aorta after passing through the aortic semilunar valve;
to the rest of the body; to the superior or inferior vena cava;
to the right atrium; to the right ventricle after passing the tricuspid valve;
to the pulmonary artery after passing the pulmonary semilunar valve;
to the lungs; back to the heart via pulmonary veins;
to the left atrium; through the mitral/bicuspid valve to the left ventricle.
To the best of your ability, describe the process of how a normal cardiac cell would contract
Action potential then Na enters the cardiac cell; Then it enters the T tubule; then the calcium is released & then calcium would go to the sarcomere & bind to troponin (sarcomere area) & then other calciums & Na go through the gap junction to the next cell.
Explain the process for how an erythrocyte will be formed from the beginning
Stem cell gets stimulated by CSF then erythropoetin stimulates another stem cell (myeloid stem cell) to then eventually become a late erythroblast which then spits out its nucleus & then becomes a reticulocyte & then becomes an erythocyte
Describe how macrophages recycle red blood cells
The hemes get the iron stripped out to make new Hemoglobin
Amino acids are also recycled
Biliverdin turns to bilirubin to get added to urine to & feces