Cell Cycle Basics
The three major parts of the cell cycle are this.
What are cell growth and activity (interphase - G1, S, G2), nuclear division (mitosis), and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)?
The proteins that help package DNA into nucleosomes are called this.
What are histone proteins?
Chromosomes begin to condense, and the spindle begins to form during this stage.
What is prophase?
The term used to describe the number of chromosome sets in a cell.
What is ploidy?
Cytokinesis involves this.
What is the division of the cytoplasm to produce separate daughter cells?
The phase of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
What is the S phase?
DNA together with its associated proteins is called this.
What is chromatin?
The nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores during this stage.
What is prometaphase?
Diploid (2n) indicates this.
What is a cell has two sets of chromosomes?
This structure forms between daughter nuclei during cytokinesis in plant cells.
What is a cell plate?
A cell grows and prepares for mitosis after DNA replication. The phase it is in is called this.
What is the G2 phase?
The two identical copies produced when a chromosome replicates are called this.
What are sister chromatids?
This describes what the metaphase plate is.
What is the midpoint of the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase?
Homologous chromosomes differ from sister chromatids in this way.
What is homologous chromosomes are a maternal and paternal pair with the same genes in the same order, and sister chromatids are duplicated copies of one chromosome?
This structure deepens to divide the cytoplasm in animal cells.
What is a cleavage furrow?
A cell exits the cycle from G1 and stops dividing. This non-dividing state is called.
What is the G0 phase?
The difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin is this.
What is euchromatin is loosely packed, while heterochromatin is densely packed?
The stage during which sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite spindle poles.
What is anaphase?
A diploid cell has 12 chromosomes before DNA replication. There are this many chromosomes and chromatids after S phase, before mitosis.
What are 12 chromosomes and 24 sister chromatids?
The difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes chromosomes, while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into daughter cells?
It is found that DNA has been replicated, but the cell has not yet begun nuclear division. The phase the cell should enter next, assuming normal progression, is called this.
What is the G2 phase, followed by mitosis?
A cell's chromosomes become condensed in preparation for separation. During this mitotic stage, condensation is useful for this purpose.
What is metaphase, and it compacts the chromosomes, helping them be organized and accurately separated?
A cell has two groups of chromosomes at opposite poles, new nuclear envelopes are forming, and chromosomes are decondensing. Identify the stage and explain what happens to nuclear division.
What is telophase, and nuclear division is completed as two daughter nuclei form?
After mitosis, a diploid parent cell with 12 chromosomes completes cytokinesis. Assuming normal division, each daughter cell will have this many chromosomes, and for this reason.
What is 12 chromosomes per daughter cell because mitosis distributes one copy of each replicated chromosome to each daughter nucleus?
A plant cell completes nuclear division but fails to form a cell plate. The specific step that failed was this, and the expected consequence is this.
What is cytokinesis has failed, and the cytoplasm has not been divided into two separate daughter cells, even though two daughter nuclei may be present.