Endocrine/Blood
What second messenger system is affected by a cholera infection? More specifically
cAMP second messenger system, G protein
What are the pressure differences between arteries and veins? What characteristics do these vessels to withstand the pressure differences?
Veins have valves to keep blood moving back to the heart.
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?
pain, swelling, redness, and heat
What muscles are required for quiet breathing?
External intercostals and diaphragm
T/F
The seminal vesicle releases fluid that is slightly acidic while the prostate gland releases fluid that is alkaline
False, this is opposite.
List the correct treatments for Hypoparathyroidism
1. Cinacalcet (Sensipar) 2. Calcium acetate
3. Surgery 4. Desmopressin (DDAVP)
5. Hydrochlorothiazide (Aquazide, HCTZ)
2. Calcium acetate
List the cardiac cycle in order. What is one cardiac cycle equivalent to?
Ventricular filling, atrial contraction, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation.
1 heart beat
Which is following is true?
A. IgD – A monomer that binds with mast cells and basophils to release histamines when activated
B. IgG – A monomer that can cross the placenta and confer passive immunity
C. IgM –A monomer that is considered the least abundant antibody
D. IgA – A monomer that plays a role in B cell activation
B
What parts of the lower respiratory tract are considered the conducting zone?
Trachea, carina, bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary), bronchioles, terminal and respiratory bronchioles
T/F
The theca folliculi and granulosa cells produce estrogen which inhibits the release of FSH and LH
True
What step does Benazepril (Lotensin) affects in the Renin-Angiotensin pathway
Angiotensin I --> angiotensin II
What blood vessels make up the circle of willis?
Posterior communicating artery, anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery
List which is drained by the thoracic duct.
A. Cervical nodes on L side
B. Inguinal nodes on R side
C. Collecting lymphatic vessels in the R upper extremity
D. Cisterna chyli
E. Cervical nodes on R side
F. Collecting lymphatic vessels in the R lower extremity
A, B, D, F
T/F
Dalton's Law is able to explain inhalation and exhalation
False, Dalton's law explains that the total partial pressure is the sum of the total pressure.
What step comes after late spermatids in spermatogenesis?
Spermatozoa release into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
False
My cardiac cycle lasts for .75 seconds, and my SV is 70 ml/min. What is my cardiac output?
5.6 L
What is the 2nd line of defense composed of?
cells, chemicals, inflammation, and fever
What is the point of hepatic portal circulation?
Hepatic portal circulation delivers deoxygenated blood to the liver to be further detoxified before it returns to the heart and the rest of the body
T/F
Efferent arterioles enter the glomerulus and afferent arterioles leave the glomerulus
False, think afferent accesses and efferent exits
What are the stages of Erythropoiesis in order?
1.Hemopoietic stem cell
2. Proerythroblast
3. Basophilic Erythroblast
4. Polychromatic Erythroblast
5. Orthochromatic Erythroblast
6. Reticulocyte
T/F
HPc and OPif promote fluid to move from the capillary and HPif and OPc promote fluid to move into the capillary.
True
T/F
Antibodies that pass from mother to fetus through the placenta or milk is labeled as naturally acquired active immunity
False
List the following in order from deep to superficial
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Mucosa
Serosa
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
What step follows the arcuate vein?
Interlobar vein (remember this side does not contain segmental veins)