Population
True of False: The log phase contains the largest population (greatest # of individuals).
True
The term for a media with a specific, reproducible recipe.
What is a ‘chemically defined’ media?
True or False - Disinfectants are for use on skin and kill all living organisms.
False! Disinfectants target pathogens and are for use on nonliving surfaces such as tables or floors.
Name the two RNA nucleotides that are single rings and pair with the purines.
Bonus: - Name those double rings, the purines too!
What are the pyrimidines, Uracil and Cytosine?
What are the purines, Guanine and Adenine?
What level of infection control is STERILIZATION?
3rd
Provide the population equation, and define all terms.
Use this example to identify a numerical value with each term: Claire made egg salad at 9 am, and introduced 35 cells of S. aureus into her meal. She left the egg salad on the counter until her lunch at noon. How many cells were in her egg salad?
Nf = Ni (2)g
Nf = Final Population, example: 35 (2)6 cfu or 2240 cfu
Ni = Initial Population, example: 35
(2) = Binary Fission constant
g = # of generations, example: 6
Describe how a differential media allows one to differentiate between organisms.
Differential media allows for a visual change to occur which enables an observer to differentiate between organisms based on that visual change. For example, motility media allows use to see migration of motile bacteria, allowing the observer to differentiate between motile and nonmotile species.
Define degerming and provide three examples.
Degerming is the removal of microbes from a specific environment, such as hand washing, air filatration, and membrane filtration.
Protein synthesis occurs in these 3 stages.
What is 1) initiation, 2) elongation, and 3) termination?
Do STERILIZATION procedures require that we destroy MOST or ALL microbes?
ALL
This phase of the growth curve includes the fastest growth rates.
What is the log phase?
This term describes carbon dioxide loving organisms.
What is a capnophile?
The genetic information housed in DNA is expressed by the synthesis of proteins through RNA in these two processes. Identify the name, final product, and location of these processes.
What is 1) transcription, which occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the nucleiod region of prokaryotes, produces mRNA and 2) translation which occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes, produces protein.
Bacteria that form spores can only be destroyed by sterilization OR by using a product labeled as?
Sporicidal
A saprobe or saprophyte (a special type of heterotroph) acquire their nutrients from this specific source.
What is dead or decaying matter?
This type of media encourages growth by the addition of nutrients without inhibition of others. Provide an example.
What is ‘enriched’ media? Examples include blood agar, chocolate agar, or Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA).
Removing dirt and debris aids in preventing the growth of what?
Microbes
The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides containing three components. List those three components and identify which two components make up the backbone of DNA.
What are 1) a phosphate group, 2) a 5- carbon sugar, and 3) a nitrogenous ring base such as adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil.
The backbone is made up of a phosphate group on the 5' side of a 5-carbon ring with an -OH on the 3' side.
Sterilization standards require the use of a liquid sterilant and/or moist or?
Dry Heat
Identify during which of the population stages, the following occurs:
1) germination of endospores,
2) sporulation of endospores begins, and
3) complete sporulation of endospores and release from vegetative cell.
1) Lag phase
2) Stationary phase
3) Near death phase
All tools must be thoroughly cleaned before doing what?
Immersing / Immersion
Explain the term ‘Antiparallel’ with regards to parent DNA orientation and how antiparallel arrangement impacts replication.
One strand of DNA (the leading strand) runs 5’ to 3’ and can be replicated continuously, while the corresponding strand (the lagging strand) runs 3’ to 5’ and must be replicated in segments (Okazaki segments) and ligated together.
Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the blood or body fluids are known as?
Bloodborne Pathogens